Sentences with phrase «simulated responses to all forcings»

The black line represents five - year mean observed Arctic temperature anomalies, the coloured lines represent the simulated responses to all forcings (red), greenhouse gases alone (green), other anthropogenic forcings alone (mostly aerosols, orange) and natural forcings (blue).

Not exact matches

Despite these caveats, we have shown that the model realistically simulates meridional changes of sea level pressure in response to climate forcings (Sect. 3.8.5).

General circulation models do simulate clouds, and the clouds they simulate are a big part of the nature of their response to both doubled CO2 and to LGM forcing.

The obvious open questions relate to the importance of other forcings, in particular, greenhouse gases (which were not changed in this experiment), and the robustness of any transient response (i.e. does a simulated drought occur in the Sahel in the 1980s more often than at any other time).

Johanessen et al conclude that the consistent appearance of recent warming with GHGs simulated supports the interpretation that the current warming is a forced response to GHGs, of which the increase is overwhelmingly human driven.

There are various possible explanations for this discrepancy, but it is interesting to speculate that it could indicate that the models employed may have a basic inadequacy that does not allow a sufficiently strong AO response to large - scale forcing, and that this inadequacy could also be reflected in the simulated response to volcanic aerosol loading.

We can not rule out the possibility that some of the low - frequency Pacific variability was a forced response to variable solar intensity and changing teleconnections to higher latitudes that are not simulated by the models, or that non-climatic processes have influenced the proxies... the paleodata - model mismatch supports the possibility that unforced, low - frequency internal climate variability (that is difficult for models to simulate) was responsible for at least some of the global temperature change of the past millennium.»

Coupled models simulate much less warming over the 20th century in response to solar forcing alone than to greenhouse gas forcing (Cubasch et al., 1997; Broccoli et al., 2003; Meehl et al., 2004), independent of which solar forcing reconstruction is used (Chapter 2).

Observed (manual snow survey) and VIC - reconstructed SWE, which exhibit declines across BC, are projected onto the multimodel ensemble means of the VIC - simulated SWE based on the responses to different forcings using an optimal fingerprinting approach.

The study confirms previous similar evaluations and raises concern for the ability of current climate models to simulate the response of a major mode of global circulation variability to external forcings.

Since there are some differences in the climate changes simulated by various models even if the same forcing scenario is used, the models are compared to assess the uncertainties in the responses.

Sea - ice and its response to CO2 forcing as simulated by global climate models.

Modeling of the recent decadal climate record would require careful accounting for all of the radiative forcings, and would also require accurate modeling of ocean dynamics to accurately simulate the climate system's response time.

A more definitive reconciliation of modeled and observed temperature changes awaits the extension and improvement of the observations and the algorithms used in processing them, better specification of the natural and human - induced climate forcings during this period, and improvement of the models used to simulate the atmospheric response to these forcings.break

The new research uses multiple runs of a coupled ocean - atmosphere computer model to simulate global temperature changes in response to climate forcing when the sea surface temperature (SST) in the el Niño region follows its historically observed values.

We find that the multi-model simulated responses to the effect of anthropogenic forcing or the effect of anthropogenic and natural forcing combined are consistent with observed changes.

The climate models considered on average simulate the amplitude of response to anthropogenic forcings well, increasing confidence in their projections of profound future Arctic climate change.

The simulated sea surface temperature variability from two global coupled climate models for the second half of the 20th century is dominated by natural internal variability associated with the Antarctic Oscillation, suggesting that the models» internal variability is too strong, leading to a response to anthropogenic forcing that is too weak.

This indicates that the model should be rejected as a representation of the real world, and no confidence put in its simulated responses to aerosols, ozone or any other forcings.

At least two «counterfactual» ensembles will be simulated in addition to that: one with the greenhouse gas response removed, representing the «world that might have been» without anthropogenic greenhousre gas forcing and the other one without some key climate relevant aerosols in the atmosphere.

Shown are the simulated, multi-model mean responses to (i) the A2 emissions scenario and (ii) an extended B1 scenario, where radiative forcing beyond the year 2100 was kept constant to the 2100 value (all data from Meehl et al., 2007, Figure 10.4, see also Meehl et al., 2007, Section 10.7).

Comparison of the observed global - mean temperature record with climate model simulations serves to validate (and better understand) climate model performance and ability to simulate the global - mean temperature component of global climate change in response to radiative forcings.

However, the observed changes in the Northern Hemisphere circulation are larger than simulated in response to 20th century forcing change.

[24] Schmidt H et al. (2012) Solar irradiance reduction to counteract radiative forcing from a quadrupling of CO2: climate responses simulated by four earth system models Earth Syst.

Figure 2 shows the changes simulated by GISS - E2 - R in response to LU forcing for each of simulation runs 2 to 5.

The first method is a «forward calculation'that uses best estimates of external changes in the climate system (forcings) to simulate using a climate model the response of the climate system.

Rind, D., J. Lean, and R. Healy, 1999: Simulated time - dependent climate response to solar radiative forcing since 1600.

Hansen 2005 also estimated the efficacy for the sum of all the simulated transient responses to individual historical forcing changes, and for the transient response to all these forcings being applied at once.

Assuming the simulated variability and model response to radiative forcing are realistic, the results of the present study demonstrate that the combination of greenhouse gas forcing, sulfate aerosols, and internal variability could have produced the early 20th century warming, although to do so would take an unusually large realization of internal variability.

Simulated the stress and strain responses of the structure subjected to heat and impulse force