Several of the most commonly identified risk
factors in previous research were identified in this study, including being male, membership in a
single - parent or stepfamily, 5 high levels of parent - reported childhood activity, 23,24 maternal mental health problems, 25 and a history of teenage parenthood.26 What is relatively novel about this report is the
consideration of the joint effects of psychosocial risk
factors, while controlling
for multiple indicators of social class and the assessment of both accidents and illnesses in a large community sample followed prospectively since pregnancy.