In the second stage of meiosis,
the single pairs of chromosomes — two sister chromatids joined in the middle — separate and the egg cell divides again in the same way, leaving a single mature egg cell with one copy of each chromosome.
Not exact matches
Reviewing thousands
of genome wide associate studies (GWAS) to identify genetic variants in
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), investigators at Dartmouth's Norris Cotton Cancer Center found that some alleles (one
of a
pair of genes located on a specific
chromosome) are more frequently risk - associated with disease than protective.
These groups
of four
chromosomes — called bivalents — then split apart into
single pairs, and the cell divides.
Forms
of variation include
single DNA base
pair alterations, duplications or deletions
of genes or sets
of genes, and translocations, a chromosomal rearrangement in which a segment
of genetic material from one
chromosome becomes heritably linked to another
chromosome.
In the first paper, utilizing genomic analysis
of nearly 8,500 Icelandic and Dutch participants, the deCODE team identified a novel, tightly - linked
pair of single - letter variants (SNPs) near the ASIP (agouti signaling protein) gene on
chromosome 20 that greatly increase the likelihood
of an individual being prone to freckles and sunburn.
In addition to the large CNV mutations they had spotted earlier, they also found de novo changes in
single base
pairs of DNA — known as
single - nucleotide variants (SNVs)-- and small de novo insertions or deletions in
chromosomes, all
of which made the picture even more complex.