They then went on to demonstrate that the stem cell lines originated from
the skin cell donors.
Even more remarkable was that each stem cell line genetically matched one of 11
skin cell donors.
Not exact matches
For instance, the egg -
cell cytoplasm strips off all of the many epigenetic factors which differentiate a genetically restricted
donor skin cell from a totipotent zygote.
The OAR proposal uses a variation of therapeutic cloning called altered nuclear transfer (ANT) in which the nucleus of a
donor cell (a
skin cell, for example), containing the 30,000 genes of the genetic code, is altered in such a way that it produces an epigenetic factor, a protein called nanog.
The neural progenitor
cells used were derived from iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem
cells), which were in turn derived from
donor skin cells.
Hsiao and colleagues carefully gathered
skin samples from
donors, and then grew the
skin cells in culture before converting them into iPS
cells using the methods created by Yamanaka.
The scientists removed the DNA - containing nuclei from the eggs and replaced them with DNA from the
donor skin cells.
Six weeks later, spheroids from five of the seven
donors had coaxed the
skin cells around them to start rearranging, forming the telltale shape of a hair follicle, the team reports online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Currently, grafts are either sheets of
skin taken from a
donor site on the body, or layers of
cells cultured in vitro from the patient.
Hina had developed the devastating immune reaction known as graft - versus - host disease, in which
donor cells attack the walls of the gut,
skin, lungs, liver, and sometimes — though rarely — even the patient's brain.
And iPS
cells may have a particular advantage: Taking a person's own
skin cells, say, making them pluripotent, and then using those
cells to grow whatever kind of tissue is needed could eliminate the use of debilitating immunosuppressive drugs, which are required when transplanting
cells or tissue from a
donor.
GVHD is an immune - mediated disease in which
donor T
cells recognize and attack the histocompatibility - disparate recipient; it involves multiple organs, such as the lung, liver, intestinal tract, and
skin (2 — 4).
In the case of the human - cow embryo, the «
donor egg» is the cow's egg, and the «patient's
cell» could be something like a
skin cell.
We hypothesize that SSEA3 expression is either identifying another less differentiated and / or tissue specific stem
cell like population that is retrieved with the
donor skin biopsy or that with culture, a subpopulation of fibroblasts may acquire the ability to express SSEA3.
Our writer investigates the benefits of using
skin care products that contain plant - derived stem
cells — and non-embryonic human
cells extracted from consenting egg
donors (seriously).