Variation in
pigmentation among human populations may reflect local adaptation to regional light environments, because dark
skin is more photoprotective, whereas pale
skin aids the production of vitamin D. Although genes associated with
skin pigmentation have been identified in European populations, little is known about the genetic basis of
skin pigmentation in Africans.
A blood test to check for any anomalies would be best especially with platelets, but other changes to the
skin's
pigmentation may be caused by infection, inflammation, hormonal conditions (Cushing's for example)
among other conditions.