Sentences with phrase «slow feedbacks in»

However, we must include slow feedbacks in projections of warming for the 21st century and beyond.

We thus incorporate consideration of slow feedbacks in our analysis and discus - sion, even though precise specification of their magnitude and timescales is not possible.

However, we must include slow feedbacks in projections of warming for the 21st century and beyond.

Not exact matches

This is not to deny the continuing importance of the major industrial economies, or the potential feedback effects of slower growth in the major economies on commodity prices.

In the late 13th century, very likely somewhere in England (perhaps in Salisbury), a marvelous double feedback mechanism was invented for turning the accelerating fall of a weight into a slow motion with constant velocitIn the late 13th century, very likely somewhere in England (perhaps in Salisbury), a marvelous double feedback mechanism was invented for turning the accelerating fall of a weight into a slow motion with constant velocitin England (perhaps in Salisbury), a marvelous double feedback mechanism was invented for turning the accelerating fall of a weight into a slow motion with constant velocitin Salisbury), a marvelous double feedback mechanism was invented for turning the accelerating fall of a weight into a slow motion with constant velocity.

Unlike most glaciers in Antarctica, Whillans is currently slowing down a little each year — part of a complex cycle of mechanical feedback that causes some glaciers to periodically stop and start again.

Some climate scientists, including James E. Hansen, former head of the nasa Goddard Institute for Space Studies, say we must also consider slower feedbacks such as changes in the continental ice sheets.

While the ECS factors in such «fast» feedback effects as changes in water vapor — water itself is a greenhouse gas, and saturates warm air better than cold — they argued that slow feedbacks, such as changes in ice sheets and vegetation, should also be considered.

Factoring in slow feedbacks from ice and vegetation changes would generate a significantly higher ECS, likely in the 4 to 6 C (7.2 to 10.8 F) range, the paper notes.

«I think part of the reason slow feedbacks weren't included [in previous IPCC reports] was that they were assumed to be too slow to be relevant to human - induced climate change,» said Michael Previdi, lead author of the report.

In this way, the system formed a negative feedback loop that automatically slowed the rise in oxygen levels as the levels increaseIn this way, the system formed a negative feedback loop that automatically slowed the rise in oxygen levels as the levels increasein oxygen levels as the levels increased.

«The meltwater feedback cycle under the ice shelf will only slow down once the shelf has collapsed, or no more glacial ice flows in from inland to take its place.

Some of the subjects learned, via feedback on a computer screen, how to control the slow waves in the alpha and theta ranges.

The climate sensitivity classically defined is the response of global mean temperature to a forcing once all the «fast feedbacks» have occurred (atmospheric temperatures, clouds, water vapour, winds, snow, sea ice etc.), but before any of the «slow» feedbacks have kicked in (ice sheets, vegetation, carbon cycle etc.).

The silicate + CO2 - > different silicate + carbonate chemical weathering rate tends to increase with temperature globally, and so is a negative feedback (but is too slow to damp out short term changes)-- but chemical weathering is also affected by vegetation, land area, and terrain (and minerology, though I'm not sure how much that varies among entire mountain ranges or climate zones)-- ie mountanous regions which are in the vicinity of a warm rainy climate are ideal for enhancing chemical weathering (see Appalachians in the Paleozoic, more recently the Himalayas).

All this discussion of the Schmittner et al paper should not distract from the point that Hansen and others (including RichardC in # 40 and William P in # 24) try to make: that there seems to be a significant risk that climate sensitivity could be on the higher end of the various ranges, especially if we include the slower feedbacks and take into account that these could kick in faster than generally assumed.

This effect is probably significant but it's slow - acting and the CO2 self - feedback would only be fully realized when very little of the original CO2 pulse was left in the atmosphere.

The resulting slow GHG and albedo feedbacks are about 3 W / m2 each, in his calculation.

Progress in understanding cloud behaviour and related convective dynamics and feedbacks has been painfully slow.

This chemical weathering process is too slow to damp out shorter - term fluctuations, and there are some complexities — glaciation can enhance the mechanical erosion that provides surface area for chemical weathering (some of which may be realized after a time delay — ie when the subsequent warming occurs — dramatically snow in a Snowball Earth scenario, where the frigid conditions essentially shut down all chemical weathering, allowing CO2 to build up to the point where it thaws the equatorial region, at which point runaway albedo feedback drives the Earth into a carbonic acid sauna, which ends via rapid carbonate rock formation), while lower sea level may increase the oxidation of organic C in sediments but also provide more land surface for erosion... etc..

Climate forcing in the LGM equilibrium state, relative to the Holocene, due to the slow feedback ice age surface properties, i.e., increased ice area, different vegetation distribution, and continental shelf exposure, was -3.5 ± 1 W / m2 (10).

As I understand Hansen he's saying: if we double CO2 this century (so upto about 550 - 600 ppm), that will mean a forcing of about 4 W / m2 and 3 degrees C warming in the short term (decades), and thru slow feedbacks (albedo + GHG) another 4 W / m2 and 3 degrees in the long term (centuries / millennia).

Slow feedbacks have little effect on the immediate planetary energy balance, instead coming into play in response to temperature change.

Given the unprecedented rapidity of the human - made climate forcing, it is difficult to establish how soon slow feedbacks will become important, but clearly slow feedbacks should be considered in assessing the «dangerous» level of global warming, as discussed in the next section.

The lifetime of fossil fuel CO2 in the climate system is so long that it must be assumed that these slow feedbacks will occur if temperature rises well above the Holocene range.

In contrast, global warming of 2 °C or more is likely to bring slow feedbacks into play.

Indeed, it is slow feedbacks that cause long - term climate sensitivity to be high in the empirical paleoclimate record [51]--[52].

Avoiding feedback due to anxiety may lead to slower than optimal progress in attaining your goals.

It is super critical to make this intentionally slow in order to get feedback from the body on what foods are the most tolerable and what foods the body struggles with.

When cortisol is released under stress, the hypothalamus and pituitary, which work in a feedback loop with cortisol, slow down their production of hormones.

And I'll have to keep that in mind for next time and slow down — thank you for the feedback Hope you're well!!

However, educators must be careful in how feedback is delivered because many low achieving students might interpret slow progress as negative.

This lack of honest feedback hampers the school leaders» growth, which in turn slows the growth of schools, teachers, and most importantly, students.

Feedback is at a race - car level and so immediate you find yourself with what feels like extra time to react, which in turn allows you to lean on the car hard using throttle and steering adjustments that are slower than you'd expect.

Regardless, my kinesthetic feedback loop corroborates the Aston's measured 50/50 weight distribution; barring dumb moves like excessive turn - in during relatively slow corners (been there, plowed that), the Vantage turns in easily and tracks responsively mid-corner, conveying a sense of willingness to rotate when provided appropriately thoughtful inputs.

Weight transfer that leads to understeer or oversteer is remarkably palpable in slow corners, thanks in part to the chassis stiffness and lack of feedback - muddying deadweight like nav systems, airbags, and stereo.

Again, this breeds satisfaction if you escape a stage unscathed and don't run out of time for repairs in the service park, but some players will find themselves in a feedback loop of damage and slow resulting stage times.

Once under way, you'll discover the speed - sensitive hydraulic power steering delivers accurate feedback in most maneuvers, but feels a bit slow to respond during really hard driving.

Brakes are great and work really well on both slow conditions and much faster highway conditions but do lack the sense of feedback that you get in the likes of the C - Class.

Steering assistance, feedback, and steering ratio are all adjustable, offering light feel in slow - moving traffic, and less assistance at high speeds.

The steering feel is light at slow speeds and could provide a bit more feedback in fast corners.

On those same roads, the C 63's steering was not that crisp in Comfort mode, and turn - in was slightly slower, but the steering response and feedback in the enthusiast modes was much better.

In stark contrast, despite steering that's slower than the others (2.8 turns lock - to - lock versus 2.7) and lighter than the model it replaces, the Commodore points with precision and delivers plenty of grip and feedback.

Quiet, refined and relaxed, it feels a little softer and more luxurious than the F - PACE and its other mid-size rivals from Germany on the bitumen, where the air suspension is supple and the steering precise, if a little slow and lacking in feedback.

That feedback manifests itself in a number of ways including Lane Departure Warnings, Traffic Sign Recognition, Automatic High Beam Assist, Flank guard (helps with parking), Adaptive Cruise (which now brings the car to a stop instead of giving up when you slow down as it used to), Blind Spot Monitor, Closing Vehicle Sensing (which tells you when another car is bearing down on you quickly) and Reverse Traffic Detection.

In Thinking Fast and Slow, the psychologist Daniel Kahneman explains that learning to drive is one activity where feedback is immediate and clear.

So, in the spirit of useful feedback and because it's a fairly slow news day, here are the ten games we'd love to see make an appearance on Games With Gold - across both Xbox 360 and Xbox One.

DESIGN & BALANCE Level cap raised to 35 Reviewed all survival events: obstacles have a lesser slow down effect Added Pure Time Attack game mode in Quick Race Slightly increased Turbo performances for Conqueror, Lunare, ESA Slightly increased engine power for ESA Slightly increased wall damage (10 %) Solved a bug for which the AI would very rarely use powerups Fixed some contracts that would propose the wrong event and / or the wrong reward AUDIO & VISUALS Option to change audio to 5.1 or 2.0 Added Windowed / Fullscreen option Audio feedback for lobby countdown start BUGFIXES & STUFF Solved problem with corrupted save files (famous RedoutSettings.sav), causing the game to hang in the loading screen.

[1] CO2 absorbs IR, is the main GHG, human emissions are increasing its concentration in the atmosphere, raising temperatures globally; the second GHG, water vapor, exists in equilibrium with water / ice, would precipitate out if not for the CO2, so acts as a feedback; since the oceans cover so much of the planet, water is a large positive feedback; melting snow and ice as the atmosphere warms decreases albedo, another positive feedback, biased toward the poles, which gives larger polar warming than the global average; decreasing the temperature gradient from the equator to the poles is reducing the driving forces for the jetstream; the jetstream's meanders are increasing in amplitude and slowing, just like the lower Missippi River where its driving gradient decreases; the larger slower meanders increase the amplitude and duration of blocking highs, increasing drought and extreme temperatures — and 30,000 + Europeans and 5,000 plus Russians die, and the US corn crop, Russian wheat crop, and Aussie wildland fire protection fails — or extreme rainfall floods the US, France, Pakistan, Thailand (driving up prices for disk drives — hows that for unexpected adverse impacts from AGW?)

The climate sensitivity classically defined is the response of global mean temperature to a forcing once all the «fast feedbacks» have occurred (atmospheric temperatures, clouds, water vapour, winds, snow, sea ice etc.), but before any of the «slow» feedbacks have kicked in (ice sheets, vegetation, carbon cycle etc.).