I have ignored reasons that might
justify lower discount rates or higher GDP adjustments for China mainly because the purpose of this essay is to explain why the U.S. multiple is so much higher than China's, and of course these reasons exist, but I think whatever the correct ratio should be, there is no question that advanced economies always
justify higher multiples than developing economies because they tend to be economically more diversified and politically more stable, and they usually have institutions, including clearer legal and regulatory frameworks, more sophisticated capital
allocation processes, less rigid financial systems, and
smaller state sectors (which make smooth adjustment, one of the most valuable and undervalued components of long - term growth, more likely).
Royce
Small Cap Value Fund is among a limited group of actively managed funds that has
justified its fees over time through high quality asset
allocation, the only reason to pay fees above the ETF benchmark.