Sentences with phrase «small as an atom»

Were you surprised that scientists could manipulate something as small as an atom?

Not exact matches

The probability of something as complicated as the DNA molecule being formed by random collisions of atoms in the primeval ocean is incredibly small.

Hartshorne focuses on atoms and cells as clear instances of individuals.26 He notes that «all individuals apparent to the senses are compounded of numerous much smaller individuals.

The synthesis method developed in this work opens up possible variations, such as cross-linking or chemical functionalization (adding atoms or small molecules to the carbon nanothread that alter its function).

Synthesizing desogestrel is no simple task, as the small steroid is crammed with stereocenters — carbons bonded to four different groups, one of the most difficult arrangements of atoms to manipulate.

As a demonstration, the JILA team created a series of images to map small frequency shifts, or fractions of atoms in the excited state, across different regions of the lattice.

Ye is most excited about the future possibility of using the atoms in the clock as a gravity sensor, to see how quantum mechanics, which operates on very small spatial scales, interacts with general relativity, the theory of gravity, a macroscopic force.

(A heavy atom moves more slowly than a light one, as does one with a small charge, which receives a smaller kick from the electric pulse.)

(When they try to knit together large - scale and small - scale forces, such as gravity and those that hold atoms together, the assumption of space - time leads to mathematical inconsistencies, a clue that something's amiss with current assumptions about the universe.)

Mezey says that conventional techniques for drawing electron clouds have been restricted to molecules containing around 100 atoms, such as vitamins and small peptides.

Take the fact that atoms and small molecules can exist in two places at once, a phenomenon known as superposition.

The observatories are designed to detect changes as small as a hundred millionth the size of a hydrogen atom.

In a magnetic substance, such as iron, each atom acts as a small, individual magnet.

The Ising model was introduced in 1920 to simulate how small - scale changes, such as interactions between atoms, can contribute to large - scale order, such as whether a sliver of iron will be magnetic.

The particles did not scatter as much as expected, indicating they were hitting an unexpectedly small number of hydrogen atoms.

The satellites are designed to detect a change in their spacing as small as one - tenth the diameter of a single atom.

Experiments with this DNA origami positioning device showed that it could be capable of precisely placing molecules, adjusting the distance between them in steps as small as the radius of a hydrogen atom.

Then the xenon flows into the smaller chamber, where its polarization is measured, using the rubidium atoms in the same chamber as magnetometers.

By growing iron atoms into incredibly small particles, Zhang increases the number of electrons they release as much as 1,000-fold.

It doesn't have enough mass to fuse atoms for fuel, as stars do, and it's too small to be a failed star.

As transistors get smaller and smaller, occupying ever - tinier regions of a silicon chip, it becomes increasingly likely that any given region (barely tens of nanometers across) may have too many or too few dopant atoms.

The ATRAP group, Gabrielse says, made the choice to increase the number of atoms in the trap rather than increasing the sensitivity of the instruments to detect small numbers of anti-atoms, as ALPHA has done.

As the atoms decay, they release high - speed helium nuclei and then become smaller uranium atoms.

At smaller size and length scales in nature, however, such as those involving atoms and photons and their behaviors, classical physics falls short.

«Moving this «atomic finger» back and forth over the silver surface is like reading Braille, as if we were feeling the small atomic - scale bumps made by the atoms.»

Kumar Wickramasinghe, who developed the microscope with Yves Martin at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center in New York, says the probe feels the surface from a height of between 3 and 5 nanometres and detects features as small as 10 atoms across.

String theory has emerged as the most promising approach to unifying quantum mechanics — the laws governing very, very small things such as atoms, nuclei and quarks — with general relativity, which describes the world on a scale as large as that of stars and galaxies.

To measure this frequency, fountain clocks toss small clouds of slow - moving cesium atoms a few feet high, much like a pulsed fountain, and measure their oscillations as they pass up, and then down, through a microwave beam.

As with any black hole, the beast at the heart of our galaxy packs all its multimillion - star mass into a space smaller than an atom — infinitely small, in fact, according to Einstein's general theory of relativity.

They synthesized small quantities of realistic catalysts, such as platinum - copper single atom alloy nanoparticles supported on an alumina substrate, and then tested them under industrial pressure and temperatures.

We spend time contemplating big things like galaxies and small things like atoms, and the knowledge we generate helps us answer basic questions, such as: Who are we?

While it has been understood for some time now that tRNAs are heavily decorated with small chemical groups such as methyls (carbon atoms bound to three hydrogens), the unprecedented discovery that one of these modifications can be removed suggests that tRNA has a regulatory role in the process of protein translation through chemical changes in itself.

These sharp tips are needed for making contact with metals or semiconductors as well as for the manipulation and examination of atoms, molecules and small particles.

Newly developed two - dimensional materials, such as graphene — which consists of a single layer of carbon atoms — have the potential to replace traditional microprocessing chips based on silicon, which have reached the limit of how small they can get.

For example, using sophisticated calculations and supercomputers, he developed accurate methods for calculating how small, light molecules and atoms such as helium and hydrogen would move and react in solids and in solution.

As hydrogen atoms move about in space, they can absorb small amounts of energy, sending the atom's single electron to a higher energy state.

Astronomers classify all of this stuff as baryonic matter, and they (and we) know its most fundamental unit as the atom, which itself is composed of even smaller subatomic particles, such as protons, neutrons and electrons.

In the future, researchers hope that advances in computing and simulation will make a full - particle simulation possible — as first - principles calculations are currently too intensive to solve small - scale magnetism for regions larger than a few thousand atoms.

As the three scientists explain, the cantilever moves because of the finite though small interaction between electrons associated with atoms on the surface and those in the tip attached to the cantilever.

The goal is to get cerium oxide clusters as small as a single cerium atom with two oxygens.

Instead of water, liquid sodium is typically used as a coolant because the sodium atoms are so much larger and heavier than neutrons that when they collide the neutrons simply ricochet off the sodium atom - much a like a small bullet ricocheting off a thick plate metal.

Methods: Diphenylphosphine ligands, which consist of two phenyl (C6H5) substituted phosphorus centers separated by a carbon chain of variable length, produce gold clusters with extremely narrow distributions in size; that is, the synthesis route produces a large quantity of clusters with the same number of gold atoms as well as a small number of clusters with similar numbers of atoms.

Highly energetic gamma - and X-rays, with wavelengths as small as or smaller than atoms, are absorbed by oxygen and nitrogen in the upper atmosphere.

Nanotechnology refers to manipulating the structure of matter on a length scale of some small number of nanometers, interpreted by different people at different times as meaning anything from 0.1 nm (controlling the arrangement of individual atoms) to 100 nm or more (anything smaller than microtechnology).

The question was whether it was possible to measure something as small as the forces between two atoms.

April 13, 2018 - Ensembles of atoms, trapped as vapors in small cells, are exquisitely sensitive to external fields or perturbations, and many sensor devices already use light, and specifically precision spectroscopy, to probe the quantum states of such ensembles...

This ratio is changing over time (very slowly), as the nuclear reactions continue, converting smaller atoms into more massive ones.

As per Dr. Spiros Michalakis of the California Institute of Technology, the vision of shrinking comes through a method of creating smaller atoms.

«The kids who think more concretely think about it as an issue of size, like atoms are small, but bonds are even smaller, which is kind of accurate.

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