Sentences with phrase «small changes in the concentrations»

They rapidly detect and continuously respond to extremely small changes in the concentrations of gases including ammonia, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxide.

«It's a demonstration of small changes in concentration of some molecules having dramatic effects.

Not exact matches

The tests, typically in the form of small strips, work by producing color change in a solution: the intensity of the color which is produced determines the concentration of that solution.

It seemed so obvious that if fairly small changes in development, which adjusted the timing and concentrations of growth and signaling factors, could have led to the evolution of birds from nonavian dinosaurs, we could readjust those changes in development and get a dinosaur from a chick embryo.

While ECS is the equilibrium global mean temperature change that eventually results from atmospheric CO2 doubling, the smaller TCR refers to the global mean temperature change that is realised at the time of CO2 doubling under an idealised scenario in which CO2 concentrations increase by 1 % yr — 1 (Cubasch et al., 2001; see also Section 8.6.2.1).

Researchers found that ingesting placenta capsules produced detectable but small changes in hormone concentrations that show up in a mother's circulating hormone levels.

The CO2 solubility change due to the increase in ocean temperatures is small compared to the change in the atmospheric concentration.

with respect to a small change (1 % or less of mean temp in Kelvin) resulting on Earth from a small change in forcing (doubling of CO2 concentration),

[Andy Revkin — Above, Mr. McCain appears to be using references to observed changes in ice and climate to fend off potential criticism from a small, but vocal array of climate scientists and conservative or anti-regulatory groups that disparage computer simulations showing the consequences of rising greenhouse - gas concentrations.]

... Polar amplification explains in part why Greenland Ice Sheet and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet appear to be highly sensitive to relatively small increases in CO2 concentration and global mean temperature... Polar amplification occurs if the magnitude of zonally averaged surface temperature change at high latitudes exceeds the globally averaged temperature change, in response to climate forcings and on time scales greater than the annual cycle.

He does not, however, address the size and bias of the approximation errors with respect to a small change (1 % or less of mean temp in Kelvin) resulting on Earth from a small change in forcing (doubling of CO2 concentration), over a long but finite time (140 years or so for the concentration of CO2 to double from what it is now.)

Because emissions were starting from a small base, they changed the CO2 concentration little in spite of the fact that they were increasing quickly.

... small change (1 % or less of mean temp in Kelvin) resulting on Earth from a small change in forcing (doubling of CO2 concentration)...

Because the drains out of the various bathtubs involved in the climate — atmospheric concentrations, the heat balance of the surface and oceans, ice sheet accumulations, and thermal expansion of the oceans — are small and slow, the emissions we generate in the next few decades will lead to changes that, on any time scale we can contemplate, are irreversible.

Question 3: If the change in PV = nRT due to the change in CO2 / O2 concentration IS small, negative or negligible, then wouldn't you expect the change in temperature to also be small or negligible?

The concentration of HCO3 — goes up a bit, but there is so much HCO3 — that the relative change in HCO3 — is smaller than the changes are for CO2 and CO32 -.

Global - scale variations are therefore much smaller, and they reflect changes in global climate drivers, for example in greenhouse gas concentrations or in solar activity.

[Response: A small new source is swamped by larger already existing sources, so the relative change in the atmospheric concentration is relatively small.

In particular, the authors find fault with IPCC's conclusions relating to human activities being the primary cause of recent global warming, claiming, contrary to significant evidence that they tend to ignore, that the comparatively small influences of natural changes in solar radiation are dominating the influences of the much larger effects of changes in the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations on the global energy balancIn particular, the authors find fault with IPCC's conclusions relating to human activities being the primary cause of recent global warming, claiming, contrary to significant evidence that they tend to ignore, that the comparatively small influences of natural changes in solar radiation are dominating the influences of the much larger effects of changes in the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations on the global energy balancin solar radiation are dominating the influences of the much larger effects of changes in the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations on the global energy balancin the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations on the global energy balance.

Although this century kicked off with the hottest decade on record, 2010 was the hottest year and in 2011 the Arctic may have broken both the summer and the winter melting record, there has still been heat missing: the rise in global temperatures is smaller than what one would expect from the rise in greenhouse gas concentrations, which — despite UNFCCC attempts to tackle climate change since Kyoto 1997 and Copenhagen 2009 — has even accelerated.

In this context a 30 % change is very small, as you have to increase the hydrogen ion (H +) concentration by a factor of 10 to get a decrease in pH of In this context a 30 % change is very small, as you have to increase the hydrogen ion (H +) concentration by a factor of 10 to get a decrease in pH of in pH of 1.

Because soil is such a major player in the carbon cycle, even a small change in the amount of carbon it releases can have a big effect on atmospheric carbon concentrations.

The fluctuations in the CO2 curve (top) reflect seasonal changes in photosynthetic activity, which cause small differences between summer and winter concentrations of CO2.

While ECS is the equilibrium global mean temperature change that eventually results from atmospheric CO2 doubling, the smaller TCR refers to the global mean temperature change that is realised at the time of CO2 doubling under an idealised scenario in which CO2 concentrations increase by 1 % yr — 1 (Cubasch et al., 2001; see also Section 8.6.2.1).

This means that even a small change in pH can significantly change the concentration of H + ions in seawater.

The small variations in pre-industrial CO2 and CH4 concentrations over the past millennium are consistent with millennial - length proxy Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstructions; climate variations larger than indicated by the reconstructions would likely yield larger concentration changes.

Salby apparently finds a much stronger correlation between changes in CO2 concentrations and global temperature plus (to a smaller extent) soil moisture, although he cited no source of data in his lecture.

Gavin (correctly) points out that if a relatively small temperature change of the past century caused the observed 115 ppm change in CO2 concentration, then much larger changes in past global temperature (e.g., glacial / interglacial temperature changes) ought to have caused swings in CO2 of 500-1000 ppm.

In the same way that the Antarctic Plateau may have been a potentially opportune location to test for a CR - cloud link due to the high variations in atmospheric ionization (resulting from weak geomagnetic shielding), certain locations have been hypothesized to be sensitive to small changes in CCN concentrationIn the same way that the Antarctic Plateau may have been a potentially opportune location to test for a CR - cloud link due to the high variations in atmospheric ionization (resulting from weak geomagnetic shielding), certain locations have been hypothesized to be sensitive to small changes in CCN concentrationin atmospheric ionization (resulting from weak geomagnetic shielding), certain locations have been hypothesized to be sensitive to small changes in CCN concentrationin CCN concentrations.

as for carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas and oxygen gas and the collisions you mention — the concentration by volume of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is very small — the most significant effects in the bottom layer of the atmosphere (troposphere) will surely be the heat trapping effect of increased carbon dioxide combined with the pressure - height changes of concentrations of carbon dioxide due to the warming effect.

Deglaciation transitions occur due to changes in CO2 concentrations that are both smaller in magnitude than modern anthropogenic changes (40 vs. 103 ppm) and slower in duration (~ 5000 vs. 157 years).