Sentences with phrase «small magnitudes ~»

In some rough order of certainty we can consider that the 11 year solar cycle impacts on the following are well accepted: stratospheric ozone, cosmogenic isotope production, upper atmospheric geopotential heights, stratospheric temperatures and (slightly less certain and with small magnitudes ~ 0.1 deg C) tropospheric and ocean temperatures.

Not exact matches

Right after the 1973 oil crisis the number of vehicles manufactured in Brazil was one order of magnitude smaller (~ 750k units) than the US (7M +), despite having half the population (Brazil 108.4 million / U.S. 216 million).

Similarly (and perhaps relatedly), the magnitude of the change in aerosol forcing from ~ 1975 to present relative to the change in all forcings is much smaller than from pre-ind through present, which I think should make the TCR estimated over that period insensitive to the value of E.

We use this sample to limit any azimuthal variations in the median metallicity within the ~ 45 degree - wide azimuthal region covered by the current sample to be < = 0.02 dex, which is more than an order of magnitude smaller than the radial metallicity gradient.

Three days later (2008-05-31, over three years ago, and fully search indexed) he publicly speculated on a smaller magnitude based on different types of buckets, «Let's say that the delta between engine inlet temperatures and uninsulated buckets is ~ 0.3 deg C... [i] nsulated buckets would presumably be intermediate.

which, compared to current fossil fuel and deforestation emissions of ~ 10 GtC / yr is 4 orders of magnitude too small to be relevant.

And while by eye I could conjecture 86 % of the one year CO2 rise were temperature - correlated in any yearly cycle, clearly there is much greater temperature variability in the region of Mauna Loa in a year (~ 5 - 10C) than there has been globally since observations started (~ 0.7 C), so one would only consider Dr. Spencer's claims plausible if the rise in CO2 since 1960 were smaller than the change in a single year by a factor of ten, rather than larger by an order of magnitude.

However, the magnitude of the effect is very small ~ 1E - 6 N / m2 (radiative flux / speed of light), compared to the atmospheric pressure ~ 1E5 N / m2.

In addition, they indicate that «a lack of developmental deformities at early stages for pCO2 ~ 1000 ppm has been previously reported for this species...» And they say «there are even reports that survival is increased in this species and its congener S. droebachiensis under some low pH conditions...»... conclude, that «the effects of small magnitude in these urchin larvae are indicative of a potential resilience to near - future levels of ocean acidification.»»

And in any case, given the amplitude and regularity of the dominant ~ 19.8 year cycle, the ~ sixty year cycle is about an order of magnitude smaller than the 19.8 year cycle.

If we use the Annan and Hargreaves value of LGM temperature drop ~ 4 K, we get forcing from clouds must be of magnitude ~ 2.76 W m - 2 - which is large, even with the smaller temperature drop.

We can estimate the potential magnitude of the ice mass biases by noting that if the average velocity prediction bias of ~ 5 mm / yr evident in Figure 5 is developed over ~ 2 × 10 ^ 6 km2, an area somewhat smaller than that of West Antarctica, this would cause an apparent but spurious ice loss of ~ 33 Gt yr - 1, which is a significant fraction of all published ice mass rates derived from GRACE [Velicogna and Wahr, 2006; Chen et al., 2006; Ramillien et al., 2006; Sasgen et al., 2007a].

Deglaciation transitions occur due to changes in CO2 concentrations that are both smaller in magnitude than modern anthropogenic changes (40 vs. 103 ppm) and slower in duration (~ 5000 vs. 157 years).

Thus, rather than changing the Earth - sun distance by ~ + / -0.5 % and thus solar TSI by ~ + / -1 % from average, it would change it by two orders of magnitude less (with the annual average effect perhaps smaller still, although varying with Jupiter's alignment with the semimajor axis, etc.).