Sentences with phrase «small mutations in»

According to VIN, commercial genetic testing uses small mutations in the canine DNA (single - nucleotide polymorphisms, or «snips»), to determine a breed (VIN).

Next they copied the promising RNA molecules using a technique that caused small mutations in their nucleotide sequences and let these mutated RNA molecules have another go at the reaction.

Not exact matches

For all in our spiritual lives that Eliot came to be blind to, she has few equals as a discerner — and a celebrator — of the small and large mutations of our moral lives.

It reduces to very small proportions, almost negligible, in fact, the importance of the element of chance mutation, on which R. A. Fisher on the one hand and Jacques Monod on the other have reared such super-structures of rather emotional philosophizing.

Each genetic mutation produces only a very small change in the biological features of the organism, but such small changes accumulate over immense periods of time and lead to the evolution of new species from old.

At first, the gains will be relatively small — Giannis pushing the ball in transition with arms that look like a genetic mutation, Jabari pivoting around a defender to hit a spinning jump shot.

Compared with mutations in protein - coding regions, variants in regulatory regions usually have «smaller but additive effects.

But in March, Lichun Tang of China's Beijing Proteome Research Center and colleagues reported using CRISPR / Cas9 to correct disease - causing mutations in a small number of viable human embryos.

Flies are ideal for genetic studies because they have short life spans and are small, which means that researchers can breed and interbreed thousands of them in the laboratory until interesting mutations crop up.

Their claim is that the appearance of new traits in a population, generally regarded as a first step toward the evolution of new species, can occur by means other than the accumulation of micromutations (i.e., small - scale or highly localized mutations), the classic mechanism by which new traits, and eventually new species, are thought to appear.

The impact for American women is probably smaller, experts say, because tests already catch 90 % of BRCA1 mutations in the U.S. population.

Only few plant mutations are known to give plants with white spots on their leaves, and they are known primarily in the small plant thale cress (arabidopsis), and hence plant breeders are interested in developing new types.

Then geneticists came on the scene, and they were studying small - scale differences within species based on mutations in genes.

(Previously, scientists had used CRISPR / Cas9 to repair mutations that affect smaller numbers of people with Duchenne, and in cell types that weren't necessarily clinically relevant.)

PARP inhibitors have shown efficacy for a small group of patients with breast cancer with inherited mutations in BRCA genes, but have failed in the more aggressive triple - negative disease.

«Although this mutation only exists in a small percentage of cases, this discovery points to a potential therapeutic avenue for these patients.»

Following the study of several hundred patients, there remained a small number in whom only one mutation could be found in MMACHC.

Lead author Dr Orly Razgour, of the University of Southampton, explained: «Long - lived, slow - reproducing species with smaller population sizes are not likely to be able to adapt to future climate change fast enough through the spread of new mutations arising in the population.

And rare mutations that caused salmon to grow an extra fin or an enlarged heart sac, for example, began to turn up in a small fraction of the population, says Short.

Mice with mutations in what is called the nude gene don't fully develop the thymus, a small organ in the chest cavity that plays a key role in the maturation of infection - fighting T cells.

Exposure to small amounts of lead may contribute to ADHD symptoms in children who have a particular gene mutation, according to new research published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

But in a smaller population with fewer individuals reproducing, the original mutation can be preserved and continue to do damage.

In an independent effort, they introduced progressively smaller pieces of DNA from the large region known to contain the gene into embryos of the mutant mice, looking for the smallest piece that would correct the mutation in adult mice and restore a normal rhythIn an independent effort, they introduced progressively smaller pieces of DNA from the large region known to contain the gene into embryos of the mutant mice, looking for the smallest piece that would correct the mutation in adult mice and restore a normal rhythin adult mice and restore a normal rhythm.

But in genes, differences as small as a point mutation — the alteration of a single base pair — can lead to disease.

Leppert and his colleagues found that several afflicted people in families with a high incidence of this condition had mutations in small sections of chromosome 20.

A genetic analysis revealed the culprit to be a mutation in the gene SMARCAD1, specifically in a small portion that codes for a protein only synthesized in the skin.

«Using next - generation gene sequencing on a small group of patients, we found that mutations in a sixth gene — ATF6 — can independently lead to the disease.»

«This illustrates how big steps in evolution can sometimes proceed from a single small mutation,» Zakon says.

The study focuses exclusively on the type of evolution known as purifying selection, which favors mutations that have no or only a small effect in a fixed environment.

People who carry one of those eight mutations had, on average, smaller brain regions than brains without a mutation but of comparable age; some of the genes are implicated in cancer and mental illness.

They found that in small primates such as spider monkeys, weighing about 6 kilograms, mutations — substitutions of DNA bases — occurred about twice as rapidly as in humans, who weigh on average 70 kilograms.

Yet, mutations that negatively impact genes are not eliminated by selection and can even increase in frequency when populations are small.

Recent years have seen extensive research on the genetics of prostate cancer, with over a hundred mutations identified, however most of these are only present in a small number of men.

He was part of a team that recognized that only about 10 % of patients with NSCLC responded to the small molecule erlotinib — those whose tumors harbored mutations in the gene encoding EGFR.

For cancers in which only a small percentage of mutations are due to random DNA replication errors, by contrast, primary prevention efforts — those aimed at minimizing harmful environmental exposures — will continue to be the most effective way to reduce cancer deaths, the researchers said.

A mutation in the virus led to more brain cell damage and much smaller brains (right).

The research also shows that more Crohn's patients with the risk mutation developed the disease in the small intestine, compared to those without the mutation.

But suddenly I saw how a mutation in the genes discussed in that article, BRCA1 and BRCA2, might have slipped unnoticed through my father's small family, heavy on the Y chromosome — through him; his older brother; my three cousins, two of whom are male.

She didn't find small RNAs in the isolates that contained mutations in FKBP12, but she did find them in those lacking mutations.

A small number of these mutations have been found previously in other cancers, and drugs have been developed to target these mutations,» said lead author Raphael Bueno, MD, chief of the Division of Thoracic Surgery at BWH and co-director of the BWH Lung Center.

Genetic factors are clearly indicated as evidenced by dominant mutations in three different genes have been identified that account for the small number of cases of familial, early - onset AD.

Though smaller in number, some patients with advanced disease and carrying a BRCA mutation may benefit from the same targeted therapy being used today in the clinic to successfully treat some ovarian cancer patients.»

Next - generation sequencing — the ability to sequence millions or billions of small fragments of DNA in parallel — has revolutionized the biological sciences, playing an essential role in everything from locating mutations that cause human disease to determining how a newly discovered animal fits into the tree of life.

Mutations in dozens of genes raise the risk of the disease by small but significant amounts, and researchers are painstakingly uncovering how each gene might contribute.

The scientists developed a small - molecule drug compound to prevent abnormal cellular processes caused by a mutation in the C9ORF72 gene.

Although only a small percentage of autism patients have mutations in Shank3, many other variant synaptic proteins have been associated with the disorder.

A small percentage of ASD patients carry mutations in genes encoding neuroligins, which are postsynaptic cell - adhesion molecules.

The mutation, which has no obvious advantages, likely arose by chance in one individual and drifted to a high frequency in the Solomon Islands because the original population was small, says Jonathan Friedlaender, an anthropologist emeritus at Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study.

The team speculates that detrimental mutations have survived in humans and chimps because these species have had much smaller breeding populations than rodents throughout evolution.

Rather, Jobling says, this characteristic could have arisen by mutation in a small founder population and then simply spread as this population migrated to other parts of the world.