Sentences with phrase «small mutations on»

A new study investigating the difference between the 1918 pandemic flu virus — which killed at least 50 million people — and a virus which kills but does not spread turned out to be two small mutations on the virus's surface.

Not exact matches

It reduces to very small proportions, almost negligible, in fact, the importance of the element of chance mutation, on which R. A. Fisher on the one hand and Jacques Monod on the other have reared such super-structures of rather emotional philosophizing.

Only few plant mutations are known to give plants with white spots on their leaves, and they are known primarily in the small plant thale cress (arabidopsis), and hence plant breeders are interested in developing new types.

Then geneticists came on the scene, and they were studying small - scale differences within species based on mutations in genes.

«You had junky dogs living on the outside of settlements,» he says, «so a small mutation might be advantageous — you could get closer to a village without scaring everyone.»

«Using next - generation gene sequencing on a small group of patients, we found that mutations in a sixth gene — ATF6 — can independently lead to the disease.»

The researchers considered two possible explanations: Disease suppression might be the result of one or two additional substitutions on the same gene that buffer the harmful effect of the mutation; or suppression may be caused by numerous small substitutions throughout the genome that form an aggregate «shield.»

The study focuses exclusively on the type of evolution known as purifying selection, which favors mutations that have no or only a small effect in a fixed environment.

People who carry one of those eight mutations had, on average, smaller brain regions than brains without a mutation but of comparable age; some of the genes are implicated in cancer and mental illness.

They found that in small primates such as spider monkeys, weighing about 6 kilograms, mutations — substitutions of DNA bases — occurred about twice as rapidly as in humans, who weigh on average 70 kilograms.

Recent years have seen extensive research on the genetics of prostate cancer, with over a hundred mutations identified, however most of these are only present in a small number of men.

The approach developed by the MGH team focuses on small areas of the human genome — so - called polyguanine (poly - G) repeats that are particularly susceptible to mutation, with genetic «mistakes» occurring frequently during cell division.

But suddenly I saw how a mutation in the genes discussed in that article, BRCA1 and BRCA2, might have slipped unnoticed through my father's small family, heavy on the Y chromosome — through him; his older brother; my three cousins, two of whom are male.

Small, focused clinical trials are possible for certain B - cell malignancies such as Diffuse Large B - Cell Lymphoma in which patients can be stratified based on NF - kB activation status and / or presence of mutations known to activate NF - kB.

Although previous studies have identified common somatic mutations in lung cancers, they primarily focused on a small set of genes

«Unfortunately, the gene - centric approach to cancer treatment which, for the most part, has relied on using a single drug to attack an individual mutation, has proved effective for only a relatively small percent of patients,» says Califano.

In the chapter on RepleniSENS, we discussed in detail the preparation of pluripotent stem and adult cells by reprogramming and transdifferentiation, but ignored the accumulation of small mutations.

This was an indirect test based on the identification of a small section of DNA which had been found to be associated with the mutation thought to cause copper toxicosis.

Developed based on the mutations found in individual tumours, they may take the form of monoclonal antibodies, small molecular entities or immunotherapies.