The present study shows that Gächter's previous conclusion that punishment was detrimental «was an experimental artifact generated by a relatively
small number of interactions,» says anthropologist Rob Boyd of the University of California, Los Angeles, who studies the mechanisms that shape human culture.
«However, with a peptide, we're considering
a smaller number of interactions and an error might throw our design off quite a bit, so our energy function has to be more precise.»
Not exact matches
With the consent
of a
small number of study participants, some video snippets
of mother — infant
interaction were shown to board members at that meeting.
«The
number of protein functions that are currently targeted by drugs is incredibly
small compared to the total
number of protein
interactions that could be targeted for therapeutic benefit,» says Geoffrey Wahl, a professor in Salk's Gene Expression Laboratory.
A «Day
of Discovery»,
small numbers ensuring personalised service and plenty
of interaction with the natural environment and attractions
of the Island.
There are an ever increasing
number of these «indirect effects», but the two most discussed are the aerosol / cloud opacity
interaction (more aerosols provide more sites for water to condense in clouds, thus cloud droplets are
smaller and clouds become more opaque), and the cloud lifetime effect (
smaller droplets make it more difficult to make drops big enough to rain, and so clouds live longer).
Each
of these
numbers is an»em ergent» property
of the climate system — i.e. something that is affected by many different processes and
interactions, and isn't simply derived just based on knowledge
of a
small - scale process.
Recently, modelers have undertaken a
small number of studies involving coupled atmosphere - ocean GCMs that attempted to quantify the importance
of atmosphere - ocean
interactions for climate change.
So to argue for the insignificance
of the thermosphere to radiative balance it is not sufficient to point to its
small mass and
number of molecules — one must accompany this with physics showing for instance the mean free path
of photons between
interactions with air molecules to be sufficiently long that the thermosphere will not significantly affect outgoing flux.
Presumably the lack
of interaction between the academic and commercial worlds, and the
small number of commercial developers has led to a situation where it is a lesson learned in isolation by each newcomer to the development
of knowledge - based applications.
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