First, the effect sizes are smaller both in absolute terms and in comparison to effect sizes reported elsewhere — for example, in the UK, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence reported effects of 1.7 for waiting list versus trauma focused psychological therapies and 1.18 for other active interventions for PTSD.1 Second, there are problems with
the small number of trials in key areas (for example, TAU / WL n = 5), with the combining of different outcomes from the same study in the meta - analysis and the failure to consider clinical as opposed to statistical significance.
Fact: «Only
a small number of trials employ placebos as a means of measuring a treatment's effectiveness,» says Williams.
Due to heterogeneity and to
the small number of trials in each subgroup, we would advise caution when interpreting this result (Analysis 2.1).
«We're planning to build and test ultra high - speed broadband networks in
a small number of trial locations across the United States,» says Google on its officail blog.
The main consequence was that confidence intervals were slightly wider, because of
the smaller number of trials in the analysis.
Not exact matches
And it doesn't really do what it's supposed to: When Sprout conducted clinical
trials, women only reported a
small increase in the
number of times they had satisfying sex — around one additional time per month.
Kirra Cheers, a photographer from Brooklyn, recently set out to document her
trials and tribulations using Tinder, a wildly popular app that allows users to approve or deny potential mates based on a
small number of pictures and a short bio.
Although Lu - PSMA - 617 put up good
numbers in its
small single - arm study, it still needs to outperform a physician's choice
of approved treatments in a much larger global
trial.
«The church will become
small and will have to start afresh more or less from the beginning... As the
number of her adherents diminishes... she will lose many
of her social privileges... It will be hard going for the Church, for the process
of crystallisation and clarification will cost her much valuable energy... But when the
trial of this sifting is past, a great power will flow from a more spiritualised and simplified Church... And so it seems certain to me that the Church is facing very hard times.
Although further research is still needed, a
number of smaller trials have suggested benefits in the weight loss and metabolism departments.
In meta - analyses with a large
number of trials, as is the case in this review, there is a strong possibility that a large
number of small and possibly poor quality
trials will have a substantial influence on the result.
The HYPO - RT - PC
trial, a randomized multi-institutional phase III
trial in Scandinavia, was designed to assess outcomes from highly accelerated extreme hypofractionation, which is delivered in
smaller number of high doses — seven fractions
of 6.1 Gy each in this study.
The actual disparity in
number of cases between the two groups was
small, with 129 lung cancers in all, and the
trial wasn't set up to study that disease.
However, Richard Casey, chairman
of Scios Nova, the health care company in Mountain View, California, that is making the ANP for the
trial, warns that the
numbers involved in these earlier
trials were too
small to be statistically significant.
The reliably high percentage
of those who develop viremia following exposure to this challenge virus is another advantage — when most or all volunteers develop viremia or other signs
of infection, clinical
trials can enroll relatively
small numbers of people but still achieve answers to such questions as whether a candidate vaccine protects against infection, she noted.
«Previous studies suggest that reducing heart fat is feasible through weight loss or weight management, but these studies only looked at
small numbers of people and there have been no clinical
trials linking cardiovascular outcomes with heart fat changes due to weight management interventions.
The study was the first randomized - controlled
trial to examine the potential benefits
of the low fat diet on the management
of MS.. The study found no significant differences between the two groups in brain lesions detected on MRI brain scans or on other measures
of MS.. But while the
number of trial participants was relatively
small, study leaders believe the significantly improved fatigue symptoms merited further and larger studies
of the diet.
Two years ago, the Office
of the Gene Technology Regulator granted CSIRO permission to test the variety in a short - term
trial in a
small number of volunteers.
This
trial also looked at the effects
of corticosteroids on HIV - positive people, but the
small number of included participants meant that the review authors were unsure if the benefits in terms
of a reduction
of death was preserved in this group
of participants.
By combining two or more
of these outcomes to create a single category, you can say it helped «A and B» even if it only helped A and not B. For example, although there was no statistically significant effect from tPA in the NINDS
trial on the
number of patients who died, there was a
small decrease in disability for those who survived.
Although these platforms can be used successfully for
small - scale expansion
of hMSCs, other platforms will be required to generate the quantity
of cells required to support the increasing
number of clinical
trials utilizing hMSCs and the subsequent large - scale production.
«Lithium, long used in mental health as a highly effective mood stabiliser, has been on the radar as a potential disease modifying treatment for Alzheimer's disease with positive evidence from preclinical studies and a
number of small clinical
trials.
In the first
trial (Neurology 2007; 68:51 — 55), 12 weeks
of phenylbutyrate treatment produced no beneficial effects, although the
small number and relatively large age range
of the patients may have hidden a modest effect.
The therapy did appear to be reasonably safe: nearly all
of the relatively
small number of adverse events that occurred during the course
of the
trial were mild; the six moderate - severity adverse events and the one severe event (a case
of neutropenia) were judged to be unrelated to the treatment.
Although the
trial was relatively
small in terms
of the
number of patients, it was unusually rigorous in the methods used to analyze heart metabolism, according to Gropler.
A
number of small, controlled
trials and case studies have tested the impact
of yoga for those with spinal cord disease (myelopathy), traumatic brain injury, Guillain - Barre syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), peripheral and diabetic neuropathies, adrenomyeloneuropathy, neurocardiogenic syncope, and other neurological anomalies.
There's a free ad easy to start with
trial giving you access to just a
small number of profiles you can look at, but for a low fee you can expand your dating horizons and find out more about drop dead gorgeous Russian singles who are interested in dating.
States can vet vendors, making them start slow, on a
trial basis, with
small numbers of students to ultimately prove themselves worthy
of making it onto a state - approved vendor list.
«The jurisdictions who are continuing with that
trial have committed to work closely with officials in terms
of technological issues to make sure any and all issues are resolved to their satisfaction so the
small number of schools participating in the
trial can have absolute confidence that it will work and be successful this year.»
The scoping study enabled us to
trial an approach in a
small number of schools engaged with Greenhouse Sports.
A: According to Brad Carl, associate director and researcher at the Value - Added Research Center at UW - Madison, Utah and New Hampshire in recent years were allowed to provide multiple tests on a
trial basis for a
small number of school districts.
So, there are a
number of trials, albeit much
smaller than this EEF
trial, which suggest that a Lesson Study approach can have significant, positive impact on student outcomes, but only when the content is
of high quality.
It's that kind
of fact — knowing that most
of the things we're trying probably are not working — that gives you a sense
of urgency around increasing the
number of trials, rather than what the federal government strategy has been: to fund a few very expensive, very high - quality studies
of a
smaller number of interventions.
However, food
trials only last for up to six months and normally include a
small number of dogs that have to make it through the
trial in good health.
Today's vaccines are thoroughly tested, and undergo numerous safety
trials, but problems can arise in a
small number of pets.
The problem is normally a
small n, because
trials cost money and it is easier for the NIH and others to fund a large
number of poor studies than a
smaller number of very good studies.
By the way, I think the reason the cardiovascular problems were not clearly revealed in clinical
trials was that the relatively limited
number of patients was too
small to provide conclusive statistical evidence
of an association.
Drugs are tested by the people who manufacture them, in poorly designed
trials, on hopelessly
small numbers of weird, unrepresentative patients, and analysed using techniques which are flawed by design, in such a way that they exaggerate the benefits
of treatments.
However, the
number of cases, which actually go to
trial and which result in such multiple damage awards is relatively
small.
(That is, introduce the system on a
trial / test basis to a
small number of users for feedback and debugging.)
The eventual
trials have involved relatively
small numbers of accused facing only the most serious charges.
Only a relatively
small number of personal injury cases will proceed to the
trial phase.
Still, an extremely
small number of cases end up requiring a
trial.
Only a very
small number of personal injury or medical negligence claims proceed to
trial.
A
small number of state libraries in each include
trial - level opinions.
Successfully advocating for life sciences industry clients in high - profile litigation matters, we have one
of the most experienced Class Actions teams in Canada and are among a
small number of Canadian firms with notable success at
trial and on dispositive applications and motions.
Notwithstanding the
small number of the First Nation inhabitants at the time
of contact (estimated to be 400), and notwithstanding the fact that the First Nation was semi-nomadic, the Chief Justice agreed with the
trial judge that those three requirements had been made out.
[217] Special Rapporteur Martin Scheinin wrote in his October 2009 report that, while there had been «a
small number of cases where police officers have been subject to investigations and
trial following torture complaints,» he was «troubled that complaints against SSI officers in this regard have produced no results,» and «gravely concerned» by information that terrorist suspects subjected to detention by SSI officers were at particular risk
of torture.
The
trial judge in Carter found that an absolute prohibition on assisted suicide promotes a
small number of wrongful deaths
of vulnerable persons by compelling people to end their lives sooner than necessary to do if they were able to receive assistance and found that an exception to the prohibition would likely to reduce the
number of wrongful deaths.
The
trial, which seems to only be available right now to a
small number of users, lets you buy and sell bitcoin directly in the app.