As mentioned in the introduction, the satellites which measure incoming and outgoing radiation at the top of Earth's atmosphere (TOA) can not measure
the small planetary energy imbalance brought about by global warming.
Not exact matches
Smaller contributions to
planetary energy imbalance are from heat gain by the deeper ocean (+0.10 W / m2),
energy used in net melting of ice (+0.05 W / m2), and
energy taken up by warming continents (+0.02 W / m2).
This is because part of the outgoing radiation signal (albeit
small) is emerging from relatively warm layers aloft, and thus slightly less emission is demanded from the troposphere in order to satisfy
planetary energy balance.
That flattening allows the
small forcing due to the solar cycle minimum, a delayed bounceback effect from Pinatubo cooling, and recent
small volcanoes to cause a decrease of the
planetary energy imbalance over the past decade.
The amplitude of the solar irradiance variation is
smaller than the
planetary energy