Sentences with phrase «smaller brain stem»

Is a smaller brain stem required or do we need larger frontal or prefrontal lobes?

Not exact matches

Researchers chemically reprogrammed human stem cells into small bundles of functional brain cells that mimic the developing brain.

A small cluster of stem cells in the brain seems to help mice stay young, and injecting extra stem cells helps them live longer.

The students used a 3 - D printer to design a smaller and more cost - efficient bioreactor — a miniaturized culture device where neural stems cells are grown and eventually become small laboratory brains for research.

Glucagon - like peptide - 1, released from a small set of brain cells in the brain stem, stops subjects from eating high - fat food specifically.

A small skin sample from a person with bipolar disorder can yield stem cells that can be coaxed to become neurons just like those in the brain.

We do know that a small group of cells in the brain stem, called the subcoeruleus nucleus, controls REM sleep.

The largest increase in blood flow occurred in two small areas, or nuclei, within the brain stem which control the constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the brain.

Scientists are using pluripotent stem cells — the master cells that make any cell in the body — to create small buds of brain, thymus, liver, intestine, eye or kidney tissue that replicate some of the functions we find in these organs.

The researchers, however, observed that older brains formed fewer blood vessels and possessed a smaller pool of progenitor cells — the early descendants of stem cells that turn into neurons.

We have shown that the presence of extra centrosomes in proliferating embryonic neural stem cells is sufficient to impair brain development and culminates in microcephaly (small brains) at birth.

Boldrini and colleagues think that the deterioration of the brain in old age could be attributed to this smaller pool or neural stem cells, reduced connectivity among cells within the hippocampus and decline in blood vessels.

Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β - peptide; AD, Alzheimer's disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Ambra1, activating molecule in Beclin -1-regulated autophagy; AMPK, AMP - activated protein kinase; APP, amyloid precursor protein; AR, androgen receptor; Atg, autophagy - related; AV, autophagic vacuole; Bcl, B - cell lymphoma; BH3, Bcl - 2 homology 3; CaMKKβ, Ca2 + - dependent protein kinase kinase β; CHMP2B, charged multivesicular body protein 2B; CMA, chaperone - mediated autophagy; 2 ′ 5 ′ ddA, 2 ′, 5 ′ - dideoxyadenosine; deptor, DEP - domain containing mTOR - interacting protein; DRPLA, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy; 4E - BP1, translation initiation factor 4E - binding protein - 1; Epac, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERK1 / 2, extracellular - signal - regulated kinase 1/2; ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FAD, familial AD; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FIP200, focal adhesion kinase family - interacting protein of 200 kDa; FoxO3, forkhead box O3; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; FTD3, FTD linked to chromosome 3; GAP, GTPase - activating protein; GR, guanidine retinoid; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; HD, Huntington's disease; hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cell; hVps, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting homologue; IKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase; IMPase, inositol monophosphatase; IP3R, Ins (1,4,5) P3 receptor; I1R, imidazoline - 1 receptor; JNK1, c - Jun N - terminal kinase 1; LC3, light chain 3; LD, Lafora disease; L - NAME, NG - nitro - L - arginine methyl ester; LRRK2, leucine - rich repeat kinase 2; MIPS, myo - inositol -1-phosphate synthase; mLST8, mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8; MND, motor neuron disease; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; mTORC, mTOR complex; MVB, multivesicular body; NAC, N - acetylcysteine; NBR1, neighbour of BRCA1 gene 1; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; p70S6K, ribosomal protein S6 kinase - 1; PD, Parkinson's disease; PDK1, phosphoinositide - dependent kinase 1; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3 - kinase; PI3KC1a, class Ia PI3K; PI3KC3, class III PI3K; PI3KK, PI3K - related protein kinase; PINK1, PTEN - induced kinase 1; PKA, protein kinase A; PLC, phospholipase C; polyQ, polyglutamine; PS, presenilin; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10; Rag, Ras - related GTP - binding protein; raptor, regulatory - associated protein of mTOR; Rheb, Ras homologue enriched in brain; rictor, rapamycin - insensitive companion of mTOR; SBMA, spinobulbar muscular atrophy; SCA, spinocerebellar ataxia; SLC, solute carrier; SMER, small - molecule enhancer of rapamycin; SMIR, small - molecule inhibitor of rapamycin; SNARE, N - ethylmaleimide - sensitive factor - attachment protein receptor; SOD1, copper / zinc superoxide dismutase 1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TOR, target of rapamycin; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; ULK1, UNC -51-like kinase 1; UVRAG, UV irradiation resistance - associated gene; VAMP, vesicle - associated membrane protein; v - ATPase, vacuolar H + - ATPase; Vps, vacuolar protein sorting

CMs may develop when the bony space, caudal occipital bone, is smaller than normal, causing the cerebellum and brain stem to be pushed downward into the foramen to the level of the foramen magnum (mild CM) or through the foramen magnum (severe CM) into the upper spinal canal.

Behind the scenes, the SPARKTHEMARCH initiative came together at a small dinner bringing together Winston House founder, Corey McGuire, Universal Music Publishing chief Evan Lamberg, as well as Amanda Groves of Plus Capital, Andrew Gertler of AG Artists, Beka Tischker of Wide Eyed Entertainment, Jake Udell of Th3rd Brain, Milana Rabkin of Stem and Matt Graham of Winston House.