Sentences with phrase «smaller gene changes»

The software, called DECoN, accurately and quickly detects changes in copy number of blocks of DNA called exons, by analysing sequencing data already generated to identify smaller gene changes.

Not exact matches

The researchers traced the white pattern to just two small changes in a gene associated with hair color.

These epigenetic modifications do not change the genetic code, but may contribute to the inhibition of gene expression, causing the cells to produce smaller amounts of the corresponding proteins.

The study shows that even small, tissue - specific changes in the expression of genes can have noticeable morphological effects.

Researchers have found that a small change in a fruit fly gene affects the frequency at which they sing to their mates, Ars Technica reports.

Some of these genes control both cardiovascular development and skeletal development, suggesting the intriguing possibility that the giraffe's stature and turbocharged cardiovascular system evolved in concert through changes in a small number of genes.

They found additional changes to the small number of genes carried within the mitochondria, the cell's powerhouses.

Instead there is an essential smoothness in the way organisms are related to their genes: A small change in DNA yields a small change in a creature — not always, but often enough that gradual evolution is possible.

Organisms pass their genes to their descendants, often with small changes, and as a result life can evolve over the generations.

There is a small minority, including people like Gene Koprowski, marketing director at the Heartland Institute, which has consistently produced research challenging the science behind climate change, who have called into question the pope's wisdom in taking up the issue, even suggesting that he was inspired by «pagan remnants.»

«When we looked at gene expression, we found fairly small changes in 65 million years of the macaque, orangutan and chimpanzee evolution,» Gilad explains.»

But because the vinclozolin - induced fertility changes occurred in almost every male rat descended from a treated mother rather than in a small percentage of offspring (as is seen in germ line mutations caused by radiation), Skinner suspects an epigenetic mechanism — a change that doesn't mutate the DNA sequence of an animal, but rather affects how genes are expressed.

«We observed small but significant changes in the gene expressions between normal and diabetic corneas,» said Mehrnoosh Saghizadeh Ghiam, PhD, assistant professor of biomedical sciences and neurosurgery, a researcher in the Regenerative Medicine Institute Eye Program and the lead author of the study published in the journal PLOS ONE.

The short string of DNA contained in the mitochondria (mDNA) which accounts for only a small fraction of the total cellular DNAaccumulates mutations at a relatively regular rate and so researchers can use variations in its genes to measure evolutionary changes.

Small changes in genes, called mutations, can have major consequences.

• CpG methylation status quantification PyroMark ID provides highly reproducible quantification of methylation frequencies in individual consecutive CpG sites, enabling accurate measurement of even small changes in methylation levels that are associated with deregulation of gene expression and tumorigenesis.

Each new virus has small, but often advantageous changes, in its genes and these accumulate as the virus passes from one person to another.

Most gene mutations are small DNA changes within an exon.

These include molecular evolution of transcription factors or changes in transcriptional regulation (Enard et al., 2002; Konopka et al., 2009), accelerated evolution of small non-coding RNAs (Pollard et al., 2006), changes in the tissue - specificity of enhancer elements (McLean et al., 2011; Prabhakar et al., 2008), or changes in patterns of alternative splicing of specific genes (Calarco et al., 2007).

When Parker and colleagues at the National Human Genome Research Institute in Bethesda, MD, went looking for gene responsible for little legs across all these breeds, they expected to find a «point mutation,» a small change in the DNA sequence.

«The IL - 28B first came to the attention of virologists when it was shown that polymorphisms, small genetic changes, in this gene were associated with different hepatitis C virus treatment outcomes.

Because they influence the activity of many «downstream» genetic targets, small changes in the expression of these regulatory genes can have an enormous impact.

«When we looked at gene expression, we found fairly small changes in 65 million years of the macaque, orangutan, and chimpanzee evolution,» said study author Yoav Gilad, PhD, assistant professor of human genetics at the University of Chicago, «followed by rapid change, along the five million years of the human lineage, that was concentrated on these specific groups of genes.

Changes in the SHANK3 gene have been implicated in only a small minority (about.5 to 2 %) of people with autism.

But small changes in the DNA sequences of genes occur regularly.

While the small changes in lineage transcription observed in our data set would be consistent with a stochastic model, the ES cell model described in Figure 9 would require both cross-repression and additional positive feedback loops to drive these random changes in gene expression down multiple distinct routes.

They also support the existence of four related subtypes based on the patterns of DNA methylation — a chemical reaction in which a small molecule called a methyl group is added to DNA, changing the activity of individual genes.

These include: a) Global Clusters that consist of a small, tight subset of genes that are co-expressed under the entire spectrum of experimental conditions; b) Time Series of gene expression profiles during successive days of standard ES cell differentiation; c) Specific Gene Classes based on hierarchical clustering of transcriptional factors and ESTs; d) Expression Waves of genes with characteristic expression profiles during ES cell differentiation, juxtaposed to waves of genes that behave in the exact opposite way; e) Pathway Animations that illustrate dynamic changes in the components of individual KEGG signaling and metabolic pathways viewed in time - related manner; and, f) Search Engines to display the expression pattern of any transcript, or groups of transcripts, during the course of ES cell differentiation, or to query the association of candidate genes with various FunGenES database clustgene expression profiles during successive days of standard ES cell differentiation; c) Specific Gene Classes based on hierarchical clustering of transcriptional factors and ESTs; d) Expression Waves of genes with characteristic expression profiles during ES cell differentiation, juxtaposed to waves of genes that behave in the exact opposite way; e) Pathway Animations that illustrate dynamic changes in the components of individual KEGG signaling and metabolic pathways viewed in time - related manner; and, f) Search Engines to display the expression pattern of any transcript, or groups of transcripts, during the course of ES cell differentiation, or to query the association of candidate genes with various FunGenES database clustGene Classes based on hierarchical clustering of transcriptional factors and ESTs; d) Expression Waves of genes with characteristic expression profiles during ES cell differentiation, juxtaposed to waves of genes that behave in the exact opposite way; e) Pathway Animations that illustrate dynamic changes in the components of individual KEGG signaling and metabolic pathways viewed in time - related manner; and, f) Search Engines to display the expression pattern of any transcript, or groups of transcripts, during the course of ES cell differentiation, or to query the association of candidate genes with various FunGenES database clusters.

«The new knowledge of the genomic changes in ovarian cancer has revealed that the molecular catalysts of this disease are not limited to small changes affecting individual genes,» said NCI Director Harold E. Varmus, M.D. «Also important are large structural changes that occur in these cancer genomes.

The reversal suggests that smaller changes in multiple genes may have been the primary driver of changes in human phenotypes, and that new models are needed to retrace the genetic steps of evolution.

This genetic exchange often incorporates regions of < 1kb, and allelic gene conversion changes the frequency of small regions within the repeat, but not close to the flanks.

The team identified 85 small molecules that increased noise without changing average GFP gene expression levels.

«The small percentage of the epigenome that is subject to change over a lifetime can have a great impact on the behavior and function of genes,» says Ballestar.

In cells arrested overnight by a specific arrest signal, gene expression changes are largely signal - specific with a small amount of overlap.