Sentences with phrase «smaller molecules known»

Protein is a compound comprised of chains of smaller molecules known as amino acids, and it's the basic building block of your body.

Previous studies have shown that a small molecule known as ONC201 currently in advanced cancer clinical trials, targets self - renewing colorectal cancer stem cells.

The scientists did this by manipulating a small molecule known as sphingosine -1-phosphate (S1P), which they report is found in elevated levels in people with sickle cell disease.

In addition to the niacin it supplies, brown rice may also help raise blood levels of nitric oxide, a small molecule known to improve blood vessel dilation and to inhibit oxidative (free radical) damage of cholesterol and the adhesion of white cells to the vascular wall (two important steps in the development of atherosclerotic plaques).

Not exact matches

They focused on the p75NTR receptor, a protein which is found on the tips of peripheral neurons and known to bind a small molecule called NGF (for nerve growth factor).

«When we discover a new small molecule, we have the advantage of knowing that it works in vivo,» he says.

These are small molecules that can affect the way genes work, and the types of microRNA in our blood are known to vary according to age.

Researchers from the University of California, Irvine, Georgetown University and the University of Rochester have found that specific small molecules in blood plasma may be useful in determining whether someone has sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), commonly known as a concussion.

A class of small molecules found in grapes, red wine, olive oil, and other foods extends the life of yeast cells by approximately 70 % and activates genes known to extend life span in laboratory animals.

«The Holy Grail of small molecule research is to know which protein the drug directly binds to.

3BP, part of a class of compounds known as small molecule drugs, was first studied as an anti-cancer agent more than a decade ago at Johns Hopkins by biochemists Young Hee Ko and Peter Pedersen, together with radiologist Jeff Geschwind.

Unlike other techniques that depend on the ability to calculate the nuclear structure from the original data, which works best for small molecules, we only need to know the properties of our electron beam and experimental setup.»

Our guide is a small, «elegant» molecule called carbon disulfide — a compound that is a key ingredient in the making of viscose (better known as rayon) and is also insidiously toxic, having devastated the minds and bodies.

Among the substances they tested was a synthetic, small - molecule compound known as PF - 04554787.

In individuals, whose HDL - cholesterol levels were low, the quality of HDL particles was also impaired; they contained smaller amounts of lipid molecules which are known to be antioxidant and thus protective to arteries.

Arnold and collaborators then devised a way to make these WGM biosensors sensitive enough to identify even the smallest individual bio-particles from the RNA virus MS2 to single molecules down to 6 zepto - grams (6x10 - 21grams), below the mass of all known cancer markers.

Many scientists are working to develop microfluidic systems — known as labs - on - a-chip — that can mix small amounts of chemical reagents or biological molecules.

Known as the blood - brain barrier, cells that line the brain and spinal cord are tightly packed, making it difficult for anything besides very small molecules to cross from the bloodstream into the central nervous system.

Take the fact that atoms and small molecules can exist in two places at once, a phenomenon known as superposition.

The activity of the latter protein is known to be blocked by a small molecule called Nutlin - 3.

Researchers knew that cells could ingest some molecules and break them down completely inside small vesicles called lysosomes, but none of the products was transported back to the surface of the cell.

To this aim, the researchers incorporated molecules into the scaffolds that are known as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and that presented small peptides derived from viral proteins to T cells.

The design inspiration for the new particles came from the natural world — specifically, small particles known as lipoproteins, which transport cholesterol and other fatty molecules throughout the body.

In the early 2000s, Danishefsky — who is best known for synthesizing Taxol (paclitaxel), a small - molecule cancer drug derived from the Pacific yew tree — set his sights on synthesizing EPO that would be identical to that in the body.

4 Plastics are made from polymers — enormous molecules that link hundreds of thousands of small molecular units known as monomers.

That DNA includes slightly less than 21,000 protein - coding genes (some researchers once estimated we had more than 100,000 such genes); «genes» for 8800 small RNA molecules and 9600 long noncoding RNA molecules, each of which is at least 200 bases long; and 11,224 stretches of DNA that are classified as pseudogenes, «dead» genes now known to really be active in some cell types or individuals.

In one case, the researchers screened a small - molecule compound library and identified compounds that bind tightly to NUCB1, an otherwise little - known protein that showed strong interactions with the arachidonoyl probes.

In chemistry, clathrates are known for their chambers that can house small molecules.

Knowing the structures of pathological forms of amyloid seeds should help to design small molecules that bind to them and stop them doing damage, says biophysicist Ronald Melki at the Paris - Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, who works on α - synuclein strains.

These small RNA molecules must be trimmed from long hairpin - loop structures, raising a question: How do cells know which RNA loops need to be processed this way and which don't?

He is an unquestioned leader in separation science, an important branch of analytical chemistry, who is particularly known for his studies of certain separation methods like micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, a useful technique for analyzing a wide variety of small molecules.

Originally, however, they were not examining brown fat thermogenesis, but instead were looking for clues to the function of ERRβ, a protein about which little was known at the time, except that it was closely related to ERRα, appeared in brown fat cells, and also worked as a so - called nuclear receptor — a molecular switch for gene activation that can be turned on by small lipophilic molecules or a signaling protein partner.

Since three more bHLH - PAS transcription factors were known to interact with small molecules, it's safe to assume that these pockets are a common feature of the whole bHLH - PAS family.

At the American Chemical Society (ACS) meeting here earlier this month, he proposed that chemists rally around an initiative to synthesize most of the hundreds of thousands of known organic natural products: the diverse small molecules made by microbes, plants, and animals.

In the current, sixth, blind test, there were five targets, including a small semi-rigid molecule, a medium sized flexible molecule with five known polymorphs, a hydrated Chloride salt, a co-crystal and a large flexible molecule.

Abstract: Although it is known that molecular interactions govern morphology formation and purity of mixed domains of conjugated polymer donors and small - molecule acceptors, and thus largely control the achievable performance of organic solar cells, quantifying interaction - function relations has remained elusive.

Instead of using a set of genes to induce the cellular transformation, he relies primarily on pharmaceutical compounds, known as «small molecules.»

That produced a class of drugs known as angiotensin - converting enzyme, or ACE, inhibitors that hit the market in the early 1980s, and during the next 25 years or so, there followed a string of blockbuster small - molecule drugs that included such familiar names as Lipitor, Zantac and Prozac.

However, using Anton, researchers were able to simulate only a small part of the chemoreceptor containing the Phe396 pair known as a dimer, meaning two identical molecules.

They then identified synthetic peptides, based on the known structure of a molecule similar to IL28B, that could block the receptor — the hunt will now be on for small molecule antagonists.

The normal role of Ro was not well understood although it was known that the protein is normally found bound to small RNA molecules called Y RNAs, whose function remains somewhat mysterious.

Navire Pharma is a new company aimed at developing novel small - molecule inhibitors of a tyrosine - protein phosphatase called SHP2 (also known as PTPN11) for genetically - driven and treatment - resistant cancer.

I'm focused on small molecule screening for those reasons (and happen to think I have a new angle on it), but would like to know if there is a good counter-argument in favor of enzymes to consider.

When he moved back to Tokyo in 1977 to the lab of Yasuhiro Anraku, Ohsumi continued with his new study subject, but worked on transport systems that moved small molecules like amino acids and calcium into and out of the yeast version of the lysosome (idiosyncratically known by yeast biologists as the vacuole — which means «empty space»).

Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β - peptide; AD, Alzheimer's disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Ambra1, activating molecule in Beclin -1-regulated autophagy; AMPK, AMP - activated protein kinase; APP, amyloid precursor protein; AR, androgen receptor; Atg, autophagy - related; AV, autophagic vacuole; Bcl, B - cell lymphoma; BH3, Bcl - 2 homology 3; CaMKKβ, Ca2 + - dependent protein kinase kinase β; CHMP2B, charged multivesicular body protein 2B; CMA, chaperone - mediated autophagy; 2 ′ 5 ′ ddA, 2 ′, 5 ′ - dideoxyadenosine; deptor, DEP - domain containing mTOR - interacting protein; DRPLA, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy; 4E - BP1, translation initiation factor 4E - binding protein - 1; Epac, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERK1 / 2, extracellular - signal - regulated kinase 1/2; ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FAD, familial AD; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FIP200, focal adhesion kinase family - interacting protein of 200 kDa; FoxO3, forkhead box O3; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; FTD3, FTD linked to chromosome 3; GAP, GTPase - activating protein; GR, guanidine retinoid; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; HD, Huntington's disease; hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cell; hVps, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting homologue; IKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase; IMPase, inositol monophosphatase; IP3R, Ins (1,4,5) P3 receptor; I1R, imidazoline - 1 receptor; JNK1, c - Jun N - terminal kinase 1; LC3, light chain 3; LD, Lafora disease; L - NAME, NG - nitro - L - arginine methyl ester; LRRK2, leucine - rich repeat kinase 2; MIPS, myo - inositol -1-phosphate synthase; mLST8, mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8; MND, motor neuron disease; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; mTORC, mTOR complex; MVB, multivesicular body; NAC, N - acetylcysteine; NBR1, neighbour of BRCA1 gene 1; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; p70S6K, ribosomal protein S6 kinase - 1; PD, Parkinson's disease; PDK1, phosphoinositide - dependent kinase 1; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3 - kinase; PI3KC1a, class Ia PI3K; PI3KC3, class III PI3K; PI3KK, PI3K - related protein kinase; PINK1, PTEN - induced kinase 1; PKA, protein kinase A; PLC, phospholipase C; polyQ, polyglutamine; PS, presenilin; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10; Rag, Ras - related GTP - binding protein; raptor, regulatory - associated protein of mTOR; Rheb, Ras homologue enriched in brain; rictor, rapamycin - insensitive companion of mTOR; SBMA, spinobulbar muscular atrophy; SCA, spinocerebellar ataxia; SLC, solute carrier; SMER, small - molecule enhancer of rapamycin; SMIR, small - molecule inhibitor of rapamycin; SNARE, N - ethylmaleimide - sensitive factor - attachment protein receptor; SOD1, copper / zinc superoxide dismutase 1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TOR, target of rapamycin; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; ULK1, UNC -51-like kinase 1; UVRAG, UV irradiation resistance - associated gene; VAMP, vesicle - associated membrane protein; v - ATPase, vacuolar H + - ATPase; Vps, vacuolar protein sorting

eFFECTOR is pioneering a new class of small molecule drugs that act by selectively regulating translation, also known as protein synthesis.

As we already know, starch is a complex carbohydrate in the form of many small molecules that are attached to each other in large chains, which get broken down into smaller ones once they are digested for the purpose of meeting the energy needs of all cells in our bodies.

The Ketosis diet makes the body produce small fuel molecules known as Ketones.

These special diets either contain ingredients that the pet has never eaten before; or they contain protein molecules that have been made so small that the pet's immune system can no longer recognize them.

Our diversified global health care portfolio includes human and animal biologic and small molecule medicines and vaccines, as well as nutritional products and many of the world's best - known consumer products.