In the most comprehensive study ever on the impact of
smoking on cardiovascular disease in older people, epidemiologist Dr. Ute Mons from the German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) analyzed 25 individual studies, compiling data from over half a million individuals age 60 and older.
Not exact matches
Former studies have already proven that
smoking during pregnancy can harm the unborn child: Newborns from
smoking mothers have shown low birth weights and impaired lung functions; later
on in life respiratory
diseases, diabetes type II, asthma or
cardiovascular diseases were also more common.
They found that the age of smokers who die from
cardiovascular disease is,
on average, five and a half years younger than people who have never
smoked in their lives.
Globorisk measures
cardiovascular risk in individuals aged 40 or older by factoring in the person's
smoking status, blood pressure, diabetes status, and total cholesterol level, whilst adjusting for the effects of sex and age
on cardiovascular disease between countries.
Results: Although cigarette
smoking has long been linked to
cardiovascular disease, scientists are still
on the lookout for insights into how
smoking causes this
disease.
The researchers concluded their study by noting that estimated fitness level — in consideration with other risk factors such as
smoking status, alcohol consumption, and other health conditions — could have a major impact
on identifying people at risk for future
cardiovascular disease.
But for the last word
on smoking and cholesterol, we turn to a 2009 study in Risk Analysis that examined five changeable risk factors for
cardiovascular disease:
smoking, egg yolk consumption, exercise, BMI, and diet.
We know that dietary factors along with
smoking and alcohol use have an impact
on who gets
cardiovascular diseases.
Smoking's unhealthy effect may «overwhelm the influence of coffee intake
on early
cardiovascular disease,» Miranda reasoned.
On the baseline questionnaires, we requested information about age; weight and height;
smoking status; physical activity; history of diabetes in first - degree relatives; use of postmenopausal hormone therapy; use of oral contraceptives; and personal history of diabetes,
cardiovascular diseases, and cancers.
Smoke exposure increases respiratory and cardiovascular hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and medication dispensations for asthma, bronchitis, chest pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (commonly known by its acronym, COPD), respiratory infections, and medical visits for lung illnesses.38, 43,160 It has been associated with hundreds of thousands of deaths annually, in an assessment of the global health risks from landscape fire smoke.38, 43,44,141,45 Future climate change is projected to increase wildfire risks and associated emissions, with harmful impacts on health.18, 161,162,10,163,1
Smoke exposure increases respiratory and
cardiovascular hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and medication dispensations for asthma, bronchitis, chest pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (commonly known by its acronym, COPD), respiratory infections, and medical visits for lung illnesses.38, 43,160 It has been associated with hundreds of thousands of deaths annually, in an assessment of the global health risks from landscape fire
smoke.38, 43,44,141,45 Future climate change is projected to increase wildfire risks and associated emissions, with harmful impacts on health.18, 161,162,10,163,1
smoke.38, 43,44,141,45 Future climate change is projected to increase wildfire risks and associated emissions, with harmful impacts
on health.18, 161,162,10,163,164,36
Michaels was listed as an academic member
on the ESEF's March 1998 working paper titled «Environmental Tobacco
Smoke Revisited: The reliability of the evidence for risk of lung cancer and
cardiovascular disease.»