Sentences with phrase «snow and ice thickness»

If you oversimplify things, the most accurate measurement of snow and ice thickness is done by being there — on the ice — drilling a hole and directly measuring it.

The team planned to perform snow and ice thickness measurements at every camp site.

Not exact matches

In addition to the thickness of the snow cover on top of the sea ice, the buoys also measure the air temperature and air pressure.

«It may even be possible to predict sea ice cover a year in advance with high - quality observations of sea ice thickness and snow cover over the whole Arctic,» said Cecilia Bitz, co-author and professor of atmospheric sciences at the University of Washington.

This process of transforming the fluffy snow into hard ice is physical and both the thickness and the movement of the water molecules are dependent on the temperature.

Combining the speed and thickness measurements allowed the scientists to determine how much ice was flowing into the ocean, while the climate model allowed them to estimate how much snow was falling on the ice sheet.

There is no other reliable method to measure the thickness of snow than to step on the ice and use poles like Marc did.

The team, which Marc led and provided the logistical support for, deployed from Resolute to Nord Greenland before setting up a rustic field camp on the sea ice for six days, during which time we mechanically drilled the ice to measure thickness, measuring snow depth in a grid pattern along the flight lines as well as dragging instruments along the surface that produced the same measurements for comparison to the airborne data.

... A new sea - ice albedo parameterization scheme has been developed and implemented in ECHAM5 general circulation model, and includes important components like albedo decay due to snow aging, ice thickness dependency and an explicit treatment of melt pond albedo.

The thickness of the sediment layer is a result of temperature, but also how much rain fell during the summer that changed the melt rate of the snow and ice.

The most recent ice data, 10 June 2013, from a SAMS ice mass balance buoy installed in the fast ice in Inglefieldbukta (N 77 ° 54», E 18 ° 17») reported an ice thickness of about 88 cm and snow depth 20 cm.

Snow depth and ice thickness measurements from the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas collected during the AMSR - Ice03 campaign.

Currently, the NASA IceBridge mission supplies both sea ice thickness and snow depth measurements in spring, providing timely information on the state of the ice cover as the melt season begins.

Improvements in seasonal forecasting practice arising from recent research include accurate initialization of snow and frozen soil, accounting for observational uncertainty in forecast verification, and sea - ice thickness initialization using statistical predictors available in real time.

«Ice thickness is then calculated using a combination of the freeboard measurements and estimates of snow depth and density derived from a climatology [Warren et al., 1999]»

You are certainly right about the thickness of the Antarctic snow, and the point goes double for the ice sheet — that's why fluctuations in the AIS can cause tens of meters of sea level rise.

Considerable effort should be made to estimate thickness distributions of ice and snow cover needed to initialize simulations.

Even though the seasonal ice cover was formed later in the fall of 2007, the mean thickness of the FY ice cover at the end of March seems comparable to that of the previous two seasons because of lower snow accumulation and thus faster growth i.e., higher ice production.

Buoys provide key observations for mapping and attributing summer ice loss: drift, bottom vs. top melt, amount of snow accumulation, nature of ponds (even if anecdotal from web cams), and thickness of level ice.

Starting with the April Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS) volume distribution and the April National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) average ice extent the estimated extent loss for each 10 cm thickness of ice loss is calculatIce Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS) volume distribution and the April National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) average ice extent the estimated extent loss for each 10 cm thickness of ice loss is calculatIce Data Center (NSIDC) average ice extent the estimated extent loss for each 10 cm thickness of ice loss is calculatice extent the estimated extent loss for each 10 cm thickness of ice loss is calculatice loss is calculated.

Other in situ and satellite data suggest that even though the seasonal ice cover was formed later in the fall of 2007, the mean thickness of first year ice cover is comparable to that of the previous two seasons because of lower snow accumulation and lower air temperatures and thus, faster growth.

Therefore, due to entirely natural variations in spring snow conditions over sea ice (and thickness of the ice), 2 polar bear population sizes can vary by region.

To determine how much ice and snowfall enters a specific ice shelf and how much makes it to an iceberg, where it may split off, the research team used a regional climate model for snow accumulation and combined the results with ice velocity data from satellites, ice shelf thickness measurements from NASA's Operation IceBridge — a continuing aerial survey of Earth's poles — and a new map of Antarctica's bedrock.

NASA Icebridge - Snow depth and sea ice thickness data from the Quick Look data product.

Any field - or ship - based updates on ice conditions in the different regions such as sea ice morphology (e.g., concentration, ice type, floe size, thickness, snow cover, melt pond characteristics, topography), meteorology (surface measurements) and oceanography (e.g., temperature, salinity, upper ocean temperature).

Based on the understanding of both the physical processes that control key climate feedbacks (see Section 8.6.3), and also the origin of inter-model differences in the simulation of feedbacks (see Section 8.6.2), the following climate characteristics appear to be particularly important: (i) for the water vapour and lapse rate feedbacks, the response of upper - tropospheric RH and lapse rate to interannual or decadal changes in climate; (ii) for cloud feedbacks, the response of boundary - layer clouds and anvil clouds to a change in surface or atmospheric conditions and the change in cloud radiative properties associated with a change in extratropical synoptic weather systems; (iii) for snow albedo feedbacks, the relationship between surface air temperature and snow melt over northern land areas during spring and (iv) for sea ice feedbacks, the simulation of sea ice thickness.

The thickness of the ice on frozen rivers is much reduced, and trees are starting to grow on the tundra, affecting the ability of reindeer to dig in the snow for lichen in winter.

«I propose herewith to invent cheap mass produced air droppable floating ice probes, which drill automatically a sensor stick through the ice and keep track and transmit ice & snow thickness,»

I propose herewith to invent cheap mass produced air droppable floating ice probes, which drill automatically a sensor stick through the ice and keep track and transmit ice & snow thickness, salinity, temperature, radiation balance.

The time constants of albedo feedback from melting N America snow cover are shorter than the albedo feedback from melting Arctic sea ice, and the sea ice is changing response as its average thickness decreases, and the ratios of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 year ice area changes.

These OMITTED / POORLY Represented processes include the following: oceanic eddies, tides, fronts, buoyancy - driven coastal and boundary currents, cold halocline, dense water plumes and convection, double diffusion, surface / bottom mixed layer, sea ice — thickness distribution, concentration, deformation, drift and export, fast ice, snow cover, melt ponds and surface albedo, atmospheric loading, clouds and fronts, ice sheets / caps and mountain glaciers, permafrost, river runoff, and air — sea ice — land interactions and coupling.

Further, there has been an almost worldwide reduction in glacial mass and extent in the 20th century; melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet has recently become apparent; snow cover has decreased in many Northern Hemisphere regions; sea ice thickness and extent have decreased in the Arctic in all seasons, most dramatically in spring and summer; the oceans are warming; and sea level is rising due to thermal expansion of the oceans and melting of land Ice Sheet has recently become apparent; snow cover has decreased in many Northern Hemisphere regions; sea ice thickness and extent have decreased in the Arctic in all seasons, most dramatically in spring and summer; the oceans are warming; and sea level is rising due to thermal expansion of the oceans and melting of land ice thickness and extent have decreased in the Arctic in all seasons, most dramatically in spring and summer; the oceans are warming; and sea level is rising due to thermal expansion of the oceans and melting of land iceice