Crevasse stratigraphy is used to determine annual
snow layer thickness.
Not exact matches
The exact
thickness of that
layer is unknown, but as it gradually cools, it should form solid chunks that sink like iron
snow into the denser, solid inner core, also of unknown size, says geophysicist Sean Solomon of the Carnegie Institution of Washington's Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, the mission's principal investigator.
Thickness of each
layer varies with the amount of
snow.
The
thickness of the sediment
layer is a result of temperature, but also how much rain fell during the summer that changed the melt rate of the
snow and ice.
In a general sense, the
thickness of each annual
layer tells how much
snow accumulated at that location during the year.
Varying
thicknesses of sea ice are shown here, from thin, nearly transparent
layers to thicker, older sea ice covered with
snow.
Based on the understanding of both the physical processes that control key climate feedbacks (see Section 8.6.3), and also the origin of inter-model differences in the simulation of feedbacks (see Section 8.6.2), the following climate characteristics appear to be particularly important: (i) for the water vapour and lapse rate feedbacks, the response of upper - tropospheric RH and lapse rate to interannual or decadal changes in climate; (ii) for cloud feedbacks, the response of boundary -
layer clouds and anvil clouds to a change in surface or atmospheric conditions and the change in cloud radiative properties associated with a change in extratropical synoptic weather systems; (iii) for
snow albedo feedbacks, the relationship between surface air temperature and
snow melt over northern land areas during spring and (iv) for sea ice feedbacks, the simulation of sea ice
thickness.
These OMITTED / POORLY Represented processes include the following: oceanic eddies, tides, fronts, buoyancy - driven coastal and boundary currents, cold halocline, dense water plumes and convection, double diffusion, surface / bottom mixed
layer, sea ice —
thickness distribution, concentration, deformation, drift and export, fast ice,
snow cover, melt ponds and surface albedo, atmospheric loading, clouds and fronts, ice sheets / caps and mountain glaciers, permafrost, river runoff, and air — sea ice — land interactions and coupling.