Sentences with phrase «snow surface during»
According to scientists, the dark skin is due to the higher level of ultraviolet rays that such people get, which is reflected from the ice and snow surface during the summer season, and the vitamin D that they obtain from eating fish and seal.
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«Our measurements indicate that approximately 660 tonnes [1.5 million pounds] of industrial lead have been deposited on the snow - covered surface of Antarctic during the past 130 years,» McConnell said.
Slippery surfaces during winter operation, or snow tires» grip on the road two decreased significantly, so essential for safe operation or use of snow chains on tires dongjeolgiyong Replacement is recommended for driving.
Snow is one of the most demanding surfaces drivers will encounter during winter around the world and Discovery Sport proved to be as comfortable in these conditions as the dogs.
Besides ensuring optimal traction during acceleration, the system also permanently monitors a wide range of sensory inputs — for example steering angle, lateral acceleration, yaw angle and speed — to distribute torque so as to achieve optimum propulsion and safety for example on snow or to counteract sudden changes in road surface friction.
As with the Hummer, the Mega Cruiser featured an optional tire pressure control system that allowed the driver to reduce rear tire pressure during driving for better performance on soft surfaces such as mud and snow.
The team, which Marc led and provided the logistical support for, deployed from Resolute to Nord Greenland before setting up a rustic field camp on the sea ice for six days, during which time we mechanically drilled the ice to measure thickness, measuring snow depth in a grid pattern along the flight lines as well as dragging instruments along the surface that produced the same measurements for comparison to the airborne data.
Global average temperature is lower during glacial periods for two primary reasons: 1) there was only about 190 ppm CO2 in the atmosphere, and other major greenhouse gases (CH4 and N2O) were also lower 2) the earth surface was more reflective, due to the presence of lots of ice and snow on land, and lots more sea ice than today (that is, the albedo was higher).
During the rainy season or the season of melting snow, any groundwater contribution is masked by heavy surface runoff and shallow aquifer effects.
One explanation for the seasonal offset is that the large summertime snow / ice change alters ground temperatures, and these ground temperature changes are felt more at ground - level during winter when the surface atmospheric layer is most stable.
This is a product of water's surface exposure (virtually infinite during creation of snow and reduced to 2 dimensional surface during melt or sublimation), self insulation, albedo and perhaps many other factors.
gbaikie February 5, 2013 at 6:03 pm said:» If mostly sold rock were snow white, what difference would make in surface temperature during the day»
The Paleoclimatologic record suggests that when the sudden changes involve temperature, they are more probable during ice ages — i.e., intervals when the surface was covered with more snow and ice capable of mediating strong feedbacks than during interglacials.
If mostly sold rock were snow white, what difference would make in surface temperature during the day.
However, no anthropogenic influence can be detected for 1 - day and 3 - day surface runoff, as increases in extreme precipitation in the present - day climate are offset by decreased snow cover and lower frozen water content in soils during the May — June transition months, compared to pre-industrial climate.
Indeed as as MarkW has said the extension during the austral winter of the surface of the antarctic ice up to 20 M km ² and 60 ° S would deserve a computation of the total albedo of (floating ice + snow cover)(over the southern and the northern hemispheres), with due account of the elevation of the Sun and of the clouds.
The measurements shown here represent the temperature of the «skin» (or top 1 millimeter) of the land surface during the daytime — including bare land, snow or ice cover, urban areas, and cropland or forest canopy.
Based on the understanding of both the physical processes that control key climate feedbacks (see Section 8.6.3), and also the origin of inter-model differences in the simulation of feedbacks (see Section 8.6.2), the following climate characteristics appear to be particularly important: (i) for the water vapour and lapse rate feedbacks, the response of upper - tropospheric RH and lapse rate to interannual or decadal changes in climate; (ii) for cloud feedbacks, the response of boundary - layer clouds and anvil clouds to a change in surface or atmospheric conditions and the change in cloud radiative properties associated with a change in extratropical synoptic weather systems; (iii) for snow albedo feedbacks, the relationship between surface air temperature and snow melt over northern land areas during spring and (iv) for sea ice feedbacks, the simulation of sea ice thickness.
LaChapelle (1954) noted that a dense snow - cover surface develops during the first summer snow covers a glacier due to repeated surface refreezing.
In the near surface snow air, we observed during late spring and summer variability of GEM concentrations on a daily timescale induced by chemical processes, as well as a seasonal shift in these chemical mechanisms.
We can not eliminate the possibility that slow evolution of environmental conditions (e.g., surface temperature and irradiation) and snow composition (e.g., sea salts levels) induced slight evolution in chemical processes involving GEM in the shallow firn during recent decades.
Scientists have recently discovered that, during spring melt - and - freeze cycles, massive «ice lenses,» as thick as 6 m, form just below the snow surface.
During the summertime sea ice melt, after the surface snow has melted off, the albedo of melting ice is complicated by the presence of melt ponds and depends on the areal coverage and depth distribution of the melt ponds.