• The melting of an above - average
snowpack across the northern Rocky Mountains, combined with abnormally high precipitation, caused the Missouri and Souris rivers to swell beyond their banks across the upper Midwest.
Three different types of data sets are utilized to identify the changes in
snowpack across the North Cascades since 1946 with time and elevation:
Most studies agree that general declines in
snowpack across the West have resulted from warming spring temperatures (Mote 2003; Hamlet et al. 2005; Mote et al. 2005; Abatzoglou 2011; Kapnick and Hall 2012; Pederson et al. 2013a; Lute et al. 2015); however, declines in winter precipitation may also be important (Clow 2010).
For example, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation was in a negative phase between approximately 1960 - 1980, leading to above average
snowpack across the state.
Not exact matches
Much of the precipitation that fell
across the state during the season was rain and not snow, with much below average
snowpack at the end of the season.
Much below average snowfall and
snowpack was observed
across the West, which exacerbated the drought and wildfire season during summer and autumn.
Winter and spring mountain
snowpack provide a crucial water source
across much of the western United States.
Spring and summer temperatures have been rising
across the West, and mountain
snowpack has been melting earlier.
A new study published in npj Climate and Atmospheric Science (a Nature publication) shows that
snowpack levels
across the western U.S. have declined over the last 100 years.
The observed melting is greatest at lower elevations, a trend matched in
snowpack declines
across the Western U.S.
The 2015 drought conditions and lack of
snowpack led to a historically severe wildfire season with more than 1.6 million acres burned
across Oregon and Washington, resulting in more than $ 560 million in fire suppression costs.
Snowfall varies
across the region, comprising less than 10 % of total precipitation in the south, to more than half in the north, with as much as two inches of water available in the
snowpack at the beginning of spring melt in the northern reaches of the river basins.81 When this amount of snowmelt is combined with heavy rainfall, the resulting flooding can be widespread and catastrophic (see «Cedar Rapids: A Tale of Vulnerability and Response»).82 Historical observations indicate declines in the frequency of high magnitude snowfall years over much of the Midwest, 83 but an increase in lake effect snowfall.61 These divergent trends and their inverse relationships with air temperatures make overall projections of regional impacts of the associated snowmelt extremely difficult.
In 2015, far below - average
snowpack in California and the Pacific Northwest created exceptionally dry conditions
across the West, and the region experienced fires of a size rarely seen.
Infrastructure
across the U.S. is being adversely affected by phenomena associated with climate change, including sea level rise, storm surge, heavy downpours, and extreme heat... Floods along the nation's rivers, inside cities, and on lakes following heavy downpours, prolonged rains, and rapid melting of
snowpack are damaging infrastructure in towns and cities, farmlands, and a variety of other places
across the nation.
«[C] ommunities
across the Nation are already experiencing a range of climatic changes, including more frequent and extreme precipitation events, longer wildfire seasons, reduced
snowpack, extreme heat events, increasing ocean temperatures, and rising sea levels,» the report says.
Hot weather and low
snowpack are a historically bad combination that worries water managers
across the West.
Precipitation so far this season has been somewhat below average
across the more populated coastal parts of the state, although very early Sierra Nevada
snowpack numbers are actually looking pretty good at the moment.
The increasing role of warming on large - scale
snowpack variability and trends foreshadows fundamental impacts on streamflow and water supplies
across the western United States.
Over the past millennium, late 20th century
snowpack reductions are almost unprecedented in magnitude
across the northern Rocky Mountains and in their north - south synchrony
across the cordillera.
«Over the past millennium, late 20th century
snowpack reductions are almost unprecedented in magnitude
across the northern Rocky Mountains and in their north - south synchrony
across the cordillera... the
snowpack declines and their synchrony result from unparalleled springtime warming that is due to positive reinforcement of the anthropogenic warming by decadal variability.
The data to support this theory includes changing stream flow patterns
across the Southwest, diminishing
snowpack, increasing winter temperatures and the current drought, estimated to be the worst ever in California's recorded history.
New research shows, for the first time, the connection between declining
snowpack and the demise of a land species: It appears that as snow depths
across northern Canada fall, wolverines are declining as well.
With lower
snowpack levels
across Oregon, especially in Central and Western Oregon, the impact goes beyond cancelled snowshoe trips and closed ski areas.