Not exact matches
But he adds, «The
albedo is already
so ridiculously
high that just a little more ridiculousness is OK.»
So if the occultation results hold up, then the density of Eris must be
higher, 2.5 g / cm3 or more, and its
albedo (reflectivity) at least 90 per cent.
With
higher precipitation, portions of this snow may not melt during the summer and
so glacial ice can form at lower altitudes and more southerly latitudes, reducing the temperatures over land by increased
albedo as noted above.
However, I had to wear my white dress, because it's perfect for being outside in the heat (white increases your
albedo, and a
higher albedo means more sunlight reflected off of you,
so you don't feel as warm!).
[1] CO2 absorbs IR, is the main GHG, human emissions are increasing its concentration in the atmosphere, raising temperatures globally; the second GHG, water vapor, exists in equilibrium with water / ice, would precipitate out if not for the CO2,
so acts as a feedback; since the oceans cover
so much of the planet, water is a large positive feedback; melting snow and ice as the atmosphere warms decreases
albedo, another positive feedback, biased toward the poles, which gives larger polar warming than the global average; decreasing the temperature gradient from the equator to the poles is reducing the driving forces for the jetstream; the jetstream's meanders are increasing in amplitude and slowing, just like the lower Missippi River where its driving gradient decreases; the larger slower meanders increase the amplitude and duration of blocking
highs, increasing drought and extreme temperatures — and 30,000 + Europeans and 5,000 plus Russians die, and the US corn crop, Russian wheat crop, and Aussie wildland fire protection fails — or extreme rainfall floods the US, France, Pakistan, Thailand (driving up prices for disk drives — hows that for unexpected adverse impacts from AGW?)
Kjell Arne Rekaa @ 72, although Venus is closer to the sun it has a much
higher albedo than Earth,
so it reflects more incoming solar energy back out to space before it can be absorbed.
This cooling all combines to let the ice extent spread further south (meaning an even
higher albedo, less H2O, less CO2, etc., and
so the ice age deepens and temperatures continue to drop).
Ice has a much
higher albedo than open water,
so it reflects more energy from the sun back into space.
This thicker multiyear ice takes longer to melt back (both because of greater thickness and
higher albedo than first - year ice) and
so in conjunction with the weather it is responsible for more extensive ice in the late summer in this region.
I believe we all agree that sea ice has an empirically observed
higher albedo than sea water,
so that a significant net melting of sea ice should lower the average
albedo of Earth.
Keep in mind there's a dearth of insolation at
high latitudes
so albedo becomes increasingly less important
so snow cover over land doesn't mean as much.
So, the scientific thread of
albedo prediction from optical depth, Van de Hulst, Sagan and Pollack [Venusian runaway global warming], Lacis and Hansen is wrong., the crutch for the
high CO2 - AGW hypothesis is taken away, CO2 probably loses AGW monopoly via «polluted cloud heating».
In Antarctica, the ice that covers the continent has a
higher albedo than clouds,
so more clouds means warming.
The
high reflectivity of this new planetary layer, the Lucrosphere, will radically incease our planet's
albedo, and
so compensate for the loss of reflective Arctic sea ice that threatens to accelerate global warming.
The
albedo is far
higher for clouds than land and sea,
so more clouds means cooling for most of the world; EXCEPT for Antarcitca.
So the Earthshine project first reveals the global
high albedo of the more equatorward jets from the 1960s when the sun was less active during cycle 20 (although cycle 20 was still
high in historical terms) and there was some tropospheric cooling.
So these hitherto unknown, or perhaps hypothetical, fields of waving barley in northern Canada and Siberia would also have a
higher albedo than boreal forests whether or not they have snow cover, which would be a cooling effect.
And, in this case, what Dr. Meier is referring to is the fact that the
albedo (reflectance) of ice is
higher than water
so that when the arctic is ice - covered, more sunlight gets reflected and less is absorbed.
For example, FWIW Wikipedia tells me that a Stevenson screen needs to be painted every two years to keep a constant
high albedo so that the temperature inside is in equilibrium with air at 2 meters, and not perturbed by some sort of radiative equilibrium with SWR.
That's a pretty silly claim on Dr. Curry's part if you consider that in the months the arctic sea ice isn't diminished, there's never really
so much sunlight as you'd count it against the average,
so whatever
albedo changes there are during the half of the year that matters, they're when the sun is at its
highest angle.
I'm a Lukewarmer - Skeptic who accepts that H2O, CO2 and other
so - called «greenhouse gases» in the Atmosphere do cause the mean temperature of the Earth Surface and Atmosphere to be
higher than they would be if everything was the same (Solar radiation, Earth System
Albedo,...) but the Atmosphere was pure nitrogen.
Which means that the proportion of heat in the ocean as opposed to the atmosphere might be slightly different (big deal because the oceans store
so much heat), that
albedo might be slightly
higher because you have less areas covered by forests which are darker than clear land and thus absorb more sunlight, and
so on.
As with warming, we would expect
higher latitudes to be more sensitive to cooling due to the ice
albedo feedback, which in this case is from growing ice coverage,
so this makes sense to me.