But most of the dozen or
so ice scientists I've consulted of late (and several dozen since 2000) remain closer in their views to Cecilia Bitz of the University of Washington, who recently agreed with my notion (as a longtime, but lay, observer) that there's «a 50 - 50 chance it will take a few decades.»
Not exact matches
It's estimated that roughly 99 percent of Earth's land
ice is stored in the
ice sheets that cover Antarctica and Greenland,
so their health is something
scientists — and the world — can no longer ignore.
The discovery is incredibly important, though, because it shows
scientists exactly why the most vulnerable parts of Greenland's
ice are melting
so quickly — each summer since 1997, melting
ice that would usually be captured and refrozen the next winter is now flowing straight out to sea.
Again, while I am not a
scientist or medical doctor, I don't necessarily agree, especially if the amount of what Bob Cantu calls «total brain trauma» can be significantly reduced through a combination of limits on full - contact practices and / or hit counts, rule changes, and if we do a better job of identifying concussive injury to get concussed players off the field (or
ice, or field, or court, or pitch), and and hold kids out longer before they are allowed to return to play
so the risk of reinjury is reduced as much as reasonably possible.
Nowadays
scientists have found and described 15 types of
ice, but its structure is
so complex that you can barely forecast its behavior under dynamic loading.
Scientists still do not know what triggers the breakup of an
ice shelf or when future ones will occur,
so they struggle to estimate how quickly glaciers will dump their
ice into the ocean and therefore how much sea level will rise.
Scientists need to know how fast the
ice shelves are disintegrating and what is causing the demise
so that they can better estimate future sea - level rise.
Scientists need to better understand why and how fast the
ice shelves are disintegrating
so that they can better estimate future sea - level rise.
For decades
scientists have theorized how that
ice might act as an insulator, preserving vestiges of warmth and moisture deep within Pluto and other objects
so far from the sun.
The IceBridge flights, which began on August 27 and will continue until September 16, are mostly repeats of lines that the team flew in early May,
so that
scientists can observe changes in
ice elevation between the spring and late summer.
A better understanding of how and why the Larsen C crack expanded
so quickly could help
scientists better predict the future of all Antarctic
ice shelves, says Richard Alley, a glaciologist at Penn State.
Only once the
ice begins to melt each summer does life begin to bloom in the nutrient - rich waters of the Arctic Ocean — or
so scientists have thought.
Before 1 million years ago, the cycle occurred every 40,000 years (L. E. Lisiecki and M. E. Raymo Paleoceanography 20, PA1003; 2005),
so scientists want an
ice core that is twice as old as EPICA to better understand this transition.
Satellites can't peek below the
ice, though,
so scientists at the time didn't know whether the bloom was an oddity or representative of a shift in the Arctic environment.
The microscopic critters need plenty of sunlight to thrive,
so scientists were stunned by the discovery of a sprawling bloom below the normally sun - blocking Arctic
ice in July 2011 (SN: 7/28/12, p. 17).
This process is a function of the temperature,
so in looking at the isotopic composition in the different dated layers of the
ice,
scientists can study the temperature of the past.
Marine
scientists have wondered why
so little of this methane seeps from the
ice into the ocean.
So mapping projects like this one are critical for helping
scientists figure out how much of the
ice sheet is actually threatened.
And although lake water has
so far eluded capture,
scientists do have samples of the
ice sheet itself, which, it turns out, sparks biological mysteries of its own.
Scientists are working to understand their underlying processes, such as which particle surface properties encourage or discourage
ice formation, called nucleation,
so they can accurately simulate how, where, and when clouds are formed.
Scientists recognized that climate change is rapidly altering the landscape in Antarctica, particularly when it comes to glacier retreat and
ice shelf collapse,
so they made a pact for how they would approach research as huge chunks of
ice broke off.
The continued swings in the Arctic Oscillation can make it difficult for climate
scientists to determine how sea
ice loss is altering winter weather, since there is
so much natural variability in the system in the first place.
At the time,
so much
ice was melting that
scientists at the DMI couldn't believe what they were seeing.
Heat trapping greenhouse - gas emissions are the obvious culprit, since they've increased dramatically over that same 50 years, but
scientists prefer hard evidence to presumption,
so a team from the British Antarctic Survey has been drilling into ancient
ice to see how the current warming stacks up against what happened in the ancient past.
Emerging from a winter that has had staggeringly warm Arctic temperatures,
scientists monitoring the vast Greenland
ice sheet announced Tuesday that it is experiencing a record - breaking level of melt for
so early in the season.
What is palaeo
ice sheet reconstruction and why do
scientists spend
so much time doing it?
He acknowledged that «I can't trust my own mind,» and
so the intention was for him to be placed on
ice until Wakandan
scientists could purge the Hydra programming that had transformed him into the assassin known as the Winter Soldier.
A climate
scientist at University of Reading shows you how bad Arctic sea
ice is melting,
so maybe stop listening to those claiming global warming is fake.
I haven't had time to read all of the Postings regarding this entry — let alone the Research piece that you mentioned Jim Hansen having submitted (though I did just download it, and will do
so — as I like to be a thoroughly up - to - date «Lay -
Scientist»); but I didn't seem to notice anyone having made mention of the possibility that — due to the influx of heavier Fresh Water from the melting Greenland
Ice Sheets sinking right down to the Abysal Plain — the «Atlantic Conveyor» could be shut down.
After
scientists have done the hard work of working out these relations, it is possible to use one
ice - core record to represent broader regions IF you restrict consideration to the parts that are widely coherent,
so it is O.K. to plot a smoothed version of an Antarctic temperature record against CO2 over long times and discuss the relation as if it is global, but a lot of background is required.
So, one of those «
scientists predicting a new
ice - age in the 1970's» that contrarians keep banging on about is himself now numbered amongst the contrarians!
So the «
ice - age»
scientists back then were not necessarily wrong.
Some other sea
ice scientists (Jennifer Francis at Rutgers and Ignatius Rigor at the University of Washington) told me they are not ready to call it a season, noting that atmospheric pressure and some other conditions over the basin could lead to further shrinkage of
ice extent in the next week or
so.
The science of
ice melt rates is advancing
so fast,
scientists have generally been reluctant to put a number to what is essentially an unpredictable, nonlinear response of
ice sheets to a steadily warming ocean.
Antarctic
ice is melting
so fast the whole continent may be at risk by 2100 Antarctic
ice is melting
so fast that the stability of the whole continent could be at risk by 2100,
scientists have warned.
So your scientific intuition rebels at the thought of runaway positive feedback (like that which causes the rapid transition from ice age to interglacial which is so well established), but it doesn't rebel at the thought that somehow, every scientist since 1922 has failed to notice an allegedly major flaw in our understanding of the greenhouse effec
So your scientific intuition rebels at the thought of runaway positive feedback (like that which causes the rapid transition from
ice age to interglacial which is
so well established), but it doesn't rebel at the thought that somehow, every scientist since 1922 has failed to notice an allegedly major flaw in our understanding of the greenhouse effec
so well established), but it doesn't rebel at the thought that somehow, every
scientist since 1922 has failed to notice an allegedly major flaw in our understanding of the greenhouse effect?
While it's no secret that much of the Antarctic Peninsula is rapidly melting,
scientists were disappointed when they recently found that a previously stable region of Antarctica is experiencing rapid
ice loss -
so much
so that it is even affecting Earth's gravity field.
Overall,
scientists believe that Antarctica is starting to lose
ice, but
so far the process has not become as quick or as widespread as in Greenland.
There were no thermometers in 1000,
so scientists use «proxy» data from items such as tree rings, lake sediments and
ice cores.
In Washington there was an awesome Earth Day warning from a government
scientist, Dr. Jay Murray Mitchell said, «Pollution and over-pollution unless checked could
so warm the earth in 200 years as to create a greenhouse effect melting the arctic
ice cap and flooding vast areas of the world.»
Nancy Bertler explains how
ice cores are analysed and how data from
ice cores helps
scientists to understand what Earth's climate was like in the past, over the last million years or
so.
«The winter maximum gives you a head start, but the minimum is
so much more dependent on what happens in the summer that it seems to wash out anything that happens in the winter,» Walt Meier, a sea
ice scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, explained in a recent statement.
«The record - warm Arctic
so far this year, which is probably a preview of a two - degrees - warmer globe, will spawn all sorts of surprises that we can not foresee,» according to Jennifer Francis, a climate
scientist at Rutgers University whose work focuses on the implications of rapidly diminishing Arctic sea
ice.
(btw - the main problem with the students attitude may not be incompetence but simply the fact that they got
so used to trust blindly what tv or experts tell them (especially when they appear in groups) and that they can not imagine that there may be something wrong though even current scandals (VW - Diesel) or older failures (ozon - cfc /
ice age scare) or even the fact that thousands of
scientists were more than willing to change their ideology and citizenship (+ certain scientific believes) as it happened with «operation paperclip.
These regional trends together yield a small increase,
so studying each region will help
scientists get a better grasp on the processes affecting sea
ice there.
On the surface, Plimer does seem to have a point: if
ice - caps managed to exist back then in an ultra-high CO2 environment, why are the vast majority of climate
scientists worrying
so much about keeping CO2 levels piddlingly low?
«
scientists have assumed» «The climate models assume» «assumption that Natural CO2 is totally fixed and unchanging» «if you assume a long lifetime for atmospheric CO2 ″ «falsification of the basic assumption» «it requires assumptions that violate empirical knowledge» «assumed
so that the
ice cores and modern measurements fit together» «arbitrary and unjustified assumption»
«IceBridge has collected
so much data on elevation and thickness that we can now do analysis down to the individual glacier level and do it for the entire
ice sheet,» said Michael Studinger, IceBridge project
scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. «We can now quantify contributions from the different processes that contribute to
ice loss.»
Kilimanjaro's majestic glacial cap of 11,000 - year - old
ice has long captured imaginations the world over,
so it was not surprising that environmentalists focused their attention on it when
scientists reported in 2001 that glaciers around the world were retreating, partly as a result of global warming caused by emissions of heat - trapping «greenhouse» gases from smokestacks and tailpipes.
3 May 2018... The Washington Post, Capital Weather Gang (Quoted): «Fallen off a cliff»:
Scientists have never observed
so little
ice in the Bering Sea in spring