Given the large uncertainty that remains about tipping elements, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms determining their behavior,
so that policy makers are able «to avoid the unmanageable, and to manage the unavoidable» (112).
After poring over the literature, Mendum and Njenga reported that little previous empirical research into wood burning in sub-Saharan Africa has been conducted,
so policy makers have scant data to guide them in formulating best practices for sustainable biomass production and consumption.
«We're keen to share the stories of real people who are facing the crisis
so that policy makers across the political spectrum can make informed decisions to be able to help shape a benefit system that works well and efficiently».
So policy makers focus on «core inflation,» which ignores changes in prices for fruit, vegetables, gasoline, fuel oil, natural gas, mortgage interest, intercity transportation, tobacco products and indirect taxes.
Anything lower risked screwing up financial markets, or
so policy makers believed at the time.
Small businesses employ a lot of people,
so policy makers invest in resources that help start new companies.
Not exact matches
But with the economy growing
so much faster than projected,
policy makers may well feel compelled to advance their plans to raise interest rates in order to keep up.
The Bank of Canada wasn't
so disenchanted that it felt a
policy change was needed:
policy makers left the benchmark interest rate unchanged at the ultra-low setting of 0.5 %.
Many may be wondering why the project of a national securities regulator is worth
so much time and effort on the part of
policy -
makers.
Trudeau and other
policy -
makers must think seriously about why that is
so.
Policy makers retain the means to lower borrowing costs, but the outlook would have to deteriorate markedly at this stage before they would be willing to do
so.
But in a country like the U.S., where drug
makers are used to getting their products covered and many patients are used to the option of accessing a wide array of medicines if they
so choose, the
policy would get some fierce political pushback from powerful stakeholders.
Yet it was always there — twice a year, in June and December — to send a message if
policy makers felt the need to do
so.
The challenge for monetary
policy makers is to look at this complex and changing picture of price changes and try to gauge the forces that are operating on underlying inflation and
so judge the likely future path of overall inflation.
China has halted intervention in the stock market
so far this week as
policy makers debate the merits of the government campaign to prop up share prices, according to people familiar with situation.
Policy makers at the Fed seem to be thinking about this issue
so loosely that they don't recognize that security markets operate under the constraints of equilibrium.
Canada's cities have of course already seen a condominium boom, one
so pronounced that
policy makers have expressed concern.
These are the ones the most worry
policy -
makers, and is one of the reasons they have pledged to be cautious as they take interest rates higher; anyone
so burdened will be extra sensitive to higher borrowing costs.
Japanese
policy -
makers on the balance express confidence
so far that the
policy mix has demonstrated an unexpected degree of success
so far (thanks to appreciation in risk asset markets) alongside the credibility boost offered by the (
so far) uneventful implementation of the April consumption tax hike from 5 % to 8 %.
Ukrainian
policy -
makers are eager to align their country with the West,
so a number of times I pointed to the protections that these rights enjoy in the United States as a reason to include similar protections.
The Australian Dietary Guidelines are for use by health professionals,
policy makers, educators, food manufacturers, food retailers and researchers,
so they can find ways to help Australians eat healthy diets.
So a good reason for
policy makers to support paid maternity leave and to set up
policies where more women are able to choose to breastfeed if they wish to.
In doing
so you will be asked to advocate, to reach out to
policy makers and other key influencers at the local, state, and national levels; to spread the word, to raise awareness.
This study is important in allowing
policy makers to understand the importance of legalizing homebirths in states that have not currently done
so.
«Legislation needs to keep pace with new marketing strategies and this report will help
policy makers to do
so.»
While Greek
policy -
makers and arguably the people have
so far endured this process, feelings of shame, humiliation, and anger are multiplying, and the bitterness of this grudge is not going to abandon the Greeks until they feel an equal partner in the European family.
So far, the written outputs of the Secondary Breast Cancer Taskforce have been developed to influence practice with healthcare professionals and
policy makers.
«We have to recognise that people's perceptions are powerful,
so it's vital that social housing providers and
policy makers work to foster understanding about what is really happening on the ground,» he said.
And if media organisations are having to think hard about what the move to digital means for them
so too should
policy -
makers.
The judges commented, «Not only is there a compelling argument presented within this project as to why a heat stress model is
so important for workers in Hong Kong, but this project goes further, giving individual companies and
policy makers an objective framework on which to base their
policies.
So, according to the pollsters, besides a Liberal bubble now apparently subsiding a little, not much has changed in a month despite the armies of spin doctors,
policy wonks and image
makers deployed on all sides.
To influence
policy, Kenney says scientists need to understand the problems and objectives of decision -
makers,
so they can assess and translate the science to be relevant to them.
Even
so, Samuel Wasser, a conservation biologist at the University of Washington, Seattle, says that
policy -
makers should err on the side of caution.
Peter Nick, a founder member of this
so called «Ringberg Circle» and senior lecturer at Freiburg University, explains the key concepts for reform that the group came up with, and the prospects that these ideas will be accepted by senior
policy -
makers.]
«Cost studies can influence health
policy decisions and help decision
makers understand the scale, seriousness and implications of asthma,
so that resources can be identified to improve disease management and reduce the burden of asthma.»
The task we set ourselves was a synthesis of all the new findings
so that coral scientists, conservationists and
policy makers could get a really good over-view of what research areas are most promising as global climate continues to change.
And if
so, are there measures that the public and
policy makers would support that could actually bring about such a change?
In a related commentary, Paul B. Ginsburg, Ph.D., University of Southern California, Los Angeles, writes: «There is broad consensus among physicians, hospital and health insurance leaders, and
policy makers to reform payment to health care providers
so as to reduce the role of fee for service, which encourages high volume, and instead to use systems that reward better patient outcomes, such as bundled payments for a population or for an episode of care.»
Once researchers identify areas where sharks tend to go, they can pass this information along to
policy makers,
so that they can deploy resources aimed at protecting the sharks more effectively.
Although patients can not control air quality, Liu said, the findings provide evidence for
policy makers and public health leaders to develop better models for monitoring and predicting climate changes
so that patients can better protect themselves.
He added, «Equally important, state and local
policy makers can use the online tool to better understand the nature of their air pollution problem
so they can consider the best solutions for addressing their particular problem and improving the public's health.»
And he has done
so at the particular intersection of science with public
policy environment and the human condition where public and
policy -
maker confusion about the realities is more dangerous for the future of society than on any other science - and -
policy question excepting, possibly, the dangers from weapons of mass destruction.
Lomborg claims in his rebuttal that «Holdren could find little but a badly translated word and a necessary specification for nuclear energy production in this chapter».8 Actually, as my original critique indicated to the extent practical in the space available, and as Lomborgs rebuttal and this response make even plainer, his energy chapter is
so permeated with misunderstandings, misreadings, misrepresentations, and blunders of other sorts that it can not be considered a positive contribution to public or
policy -
maker understanding, notwithstanding its managing to get right a few (already well known) truths about the subject.
Barthelemy says the model could also come in handy for estimating traffic delays, gas consumption and carbon dioxide emissions,
so that urban planners and
policy makers can better understand how those different factors evolve as a city grows.
Policy -
makers or lobbyists who seek to remove scientists because they don't like their findings or advice do
so at the peril of their citizens.
He spends a lot of time speaking to
policy -
makers and industry stakeholders,
so has a hand in steering the development of the industry as a whole, he says.
«This is a clear call for deepened dialogue between researchers, government agencies, citizens, and
policy makers,
so that we can improve data sharing and find sustainable solutions to reduce the public health risks posed by these bacteria.»
It is also important to improve understanding of the spread of the disease among key decision -
makers,
so effective control
policies can be implemented in animal reservoirs.»
So scientists, local stakeholders, myriad industries, and
policy makers around the world are closely watching the transformative developments taking place in the farthest northern reaches of the globe.
The DSCC is urging States and
policy makers to take strong measures and adopt robust regulations to ensure the protection of the ocean depths and of the species that are
so often «out of sight, out of mind» — those that live in the deep sea.