Sentences with phrase «social gradient»

The evidence of a social gradient in all three domains of staff - child interactions is concerning.

Social gradient in child abuse and neglect in West Sussex (NJ Spencer, personal communication.

The clear social gradient associated with children's vocabulary, emerging literacy, well - being and behaviour is evident from birth to school entry.1 These trajectories track into adolescence and correspond to poorer educational attainment, income and health across the life course.2 — 10 Neuroimaging research extends the evidence for these suboptimal trajectories, showing that children raised in poverty from infancy are more likely to have delayed brain growth with smaller volumetric size of the regions particularly responsible for executive functioning and language.11 This evidence supports the need for further effort to redress inequities that arise from the impact of adversity during the potential developmental window of opportunity in early childhood.

«This means following through on the current national health inequalities target on infant mortality and life expectancy which runs to the end of 2011 acknowledges the challenge posed by a social gradient - the lower a person's social position, the worse his or her health.»

Other than social gradient, mode of delivery was the strongest determinant of BF initiation, exclusivity and continuation.

Relatively little is known about social gradients in developmental outcomes, with much of the research employing dichotomous socioeconomic indicators such as family poverty.2 5 16 Thus, it is unclear whether poor developmental outcomes exhibit threshold effects (evident only when a certain level of disadvantage is exceeded), gradient effects (linear declines with increasing disadvantage) or accelerating effects (progressively stronger declines with increasing disadvantage) as suggested by some recent studies.17 — 19 Further, most research has examined socioeconomic patterns for single childhood outcomes1 or for multiple outcomes within the physical3 4 or developmental17 18 20 health domains.

Steeper social gradients (for example, reflecting the inequalities faced by Aboriginal people compared to other Australians) may be modified by changing public policies, as the Portuguese strategy demonstrates.

CONCLUSIONS: Steep social gradients in cognitive outcomes at kindergarten are due to many factors.

The first 5 years of life are critical for the development of language and cognitive skills.1 By kindergarten entry, steep social gradients in reading and math ability, with successively poorer outcomes for children in families of lower social class, are already apparent.2 — 4 Early cognitive ability is, in turn, predictive of later school performance, educational attainment, and health in adulthood5 — 7 and may serve as a marker for the quality of early brain development and a mechanism for the transmission of future health inequalities.8 Early life represents a time period of most equality and yet, beginning with in utero conditions and extending through early childhood, a wide range of socially stratified risk and protective factors may begin to place children on different trajectories of cognitive development.9, 10

Why are there social gradients in preventative health behavior?

Not exact matches

• Poles to tropics temperature gradient, average temp of tropics over past 540 Ma; and arguably warming may be net - beneficial overall • Quotes from IPCC AR4 WG1 showing that warming would be beneficial for life, not damaging • Quotes from IPCC AR5 WG3 stating (in effect) that the damage functions used for estimating damages are not supported by evidence • Richard Tol's breakdown of economic impacts of GW by sector • Economic damages of climate change — about the IAMs • McKitrick — Social Cost of Carbon much lower than commonly stated • Bias on impacts of GHG emissions — Figure 1 is a chart showing 15 recent estimates of SCC — Lewis and Curry, 2015, has the lowest uncertainty range.

Multiple social risk factors have a cumulative effect on parent - reported child health status across physical and socioemotional domains, demonstrating a very strong risk gradient effect.

ADHD also shows a gradient across social classes.

Unpublished data from the West Sussex Regional child health computer; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also shows a gradient across social classes.

More than a decade ago, Hart and Risley documented how children from different social classes achieve dramatically different trajectories of vocabulary development as a result of what has become known as the 30 million word gap.38 The current study demonstrates similarly dramatic gradients in cognitive function using a national sample of children.

Moreover, the social class gradient in parental divorce has switched from positive to negative whereas residential mobility, interaction with the non-custodial parent, and experience of living in a reconstituted family has increased, and age at parental divorce has remained unaltered.