However, ad hoc hangings of blacks under the auspices of the Ku Klux Klan and other white vigilante groups could not have taken place without benefit
of social sanction.
Our own «moral» behavior, however, is dependent on whether there are
effective social sanctions that make it advantageous to behave in a particular way.
Penalizing others for their selfishness might not be fun, but it wins out against the alternative, suggesting
how social sanctions and the cooperation they entail might have emerged over time.
These indicate that the inhibiting power
of social sanctions is weakening as X withdraws from normal society.
9) applying or attempting to apply any kind of financial or
social sanction against adherents who depart from the faith or fail to observe its obligations;
In a 1987 essay, «Norms as Social Capital,» Coleman noted that people act in accordance with norms to
avoid social sanctions - a disapproving look, a raised eyebrow, the whispered label of «shirker» - as well as to earn approval.
Yet such subservience to
social sanctions is contrary to the essential purpose of liberal learning.
The higher frequency of negative consequences is due in part to
these social sanctions within the African American community.
The more people are recipients of benefits, the less stigmatizing and costly in terms of
social sanctions it is to apply for benefits.
The social sanction that prevented interracial dating and marriage have lessened considerably and white men are free now to do what they would have done in the past.
According to the rule, for example, a 30 - year - old should be with a partner who is at least 22, while a 50 - year - olds dating partner must be at least 32 to not attract (presumed)
social sanction.
If Fordham and Ogbu were correct,
the social sanctions for acting white should be most severe in places like the segregated school, where opportunities are most limited.