This could help those in lower
socioeconomic groups who might not be able to afford college or a trade school.
«Nice kids from
every socioeconomic group who want to be part of the «in crowd» get pregnant.»
Not exact matches
This is especially so in low - income or less educated population
groups,
who must be considered a major focus of any front - of - pack nutrition labelling systems because of the link between
socioeconomic status and lifestyle diseases.
The cohort has a high representation of women from disadvantaged and lower
socioeconomic groups,
who are of particular interest in the targeting of breastfeeding interventions.29, 30 We can not exclude residual confounding by factors that we were not able to account for within this observational study.
Despite the widened
socioeconomic inequalities by the intervention in rates of prolonged exclusive and any breastfeeding, breastfeeding rates were even higher among mothers with the lowest education (secondary school or less) in the intervention
group than they were among mothers
who completed university in the control
group.
Models were developed using the following possible predictors of breastfeeding duration: maternal race, maternal education, paternal education, maternal age,
socioeconomic status, 22 marital status, parity, mode of delivery, previous breastfeeding experience, timing of feeding method selection, problems with pregnancy / labor / delivery, breastfeeding goal (weeks), family preference for breastfeeding, paternal preference for breastfeeding, having friends
who breastfed, randomization
group, 16 plans to return to work, infant's 5 - minute Apgar score, and infant's age in minutes when first breastfed (first successful latch and feeding).
The comparison
group included 375 first - generation immigrant children of similar racial / ethnic backgrounds and
socioeconomic status
who attended the same schools before the intervention was implemented.
Outcomes from the Knowledge in Action (KIA) project - based learning (PBL) Advanced Placement (AP) course (s) were compared with outcomes from traditionally taught AP courses among student
groups who were matched for school - level achievement and
socioeconomic status.
All I do know is that another proposal of mine,
grouping NYC public school kids by ability, rather than age, would not only solve the perennial shortage of Gifted & Talented seats for all
who qualify, it would also help with racial and
socioeconomic diversity.
The Bethesda
groups consisted of African American and Hispanic parents
who were divided into two separate
groups, based on the same
socioeconomic divisions as the Baltimore
groups.
The control
group of 529 included individuals of the same age
who participated in alternative early childhood programs in randomly selected schools and
who matched the program
group on
socioeconomic status.
My «fairest» interpretation of the current albeit controversial research surrounding this particular issue is that bias does not exist across teacher - level estimates, but it certainly occurs when teachers are non-randomly assigned highly homogenous sets of students
who are gifted,
who are English Language Learners (ELLs),
who are enrolled in special education programs,
who disproportionately represent racial minority
groups,
who disproportionately come from lower
socioeconomic backgrounds, and
who have been retained in grade prior.
Then I insert a
group of teachers (as Audrey described)
who represent 20 % of a population and teach a disproportionate number of students
who come from relatively lower
socioeconomic, high racial minority, etc. backgrounds, and I assume this
group is measured with negative bias on both indicators and this
group has a moderate correlation between indicators of r = 0.50.
Indeed, Jay Belsky incorporated all of these risk factors into his process model of parenting, 11 and data from multiple studies support links to child well - being.12 In an experiment on the effectiveness of a program for low - birth - weight infants, Lawrence Berger and Jeanne Brooks - Gunn examined the relative effect of both
socioeconomic status and parenting on child abuse and neglect (as measured by ratings of health providers
who saw children in the treatment and control
groups six times over the first three years of life, not by review of administrative data) and found that both factors contributed significantly and uniquely to the likelihood that a family was perceived to engage in some form of child maltreatment.13 The link between parenting behaviors and child maltreatment suggests that interventions that promote positive parenting behaviors would also contribute to lower rates of child maltreatment among families served.
This also applies to adolescents from lower
socioeconomic groups, which in itself, is significantly linked to early childbearing (Akinbami, Cheng, & Kornfeld, 2001) as well as adolescents
who have only one parent to provide them with guidance, emotional support and monitoring (Fraser, & Meares - Allen, 2004).
-- Adolescents born to women
who received nurse visits during pregnancy and postnatally and
who were unmarried and from households of low
socioeconomic status (risk factors for antisocial behavior), in contrast with those in the comparison
groups, reported fewer instances (incidence) of running away (0.24 vs 0.60; P =.003), fewer arrests (0.20 vs 0.45; P =.03), fewer convictions and violations of probation (0.09 vs 0.47; P <.001), fewer lifetime sex partners (0.92 vs 2.48; P =.003), fewer cigarettes smoked per day (1.50 vs 2.50; P =.10), and fewer days having consumed alcohol in the last 6 months (1.09 vs 2.49; P =.03).
We recruited two
groups of Caucasian men
who were born in families with a low
socioeconomic status and were living at the time of the present study within 200 km from our laboratory.
And parents in high
socioeconomic groups, of younger ages, and in
who have given birth in more recent years tend to see the most negative effects on their marriage.