Sentences with phrase «sodium atoms»

The magnetic field drew angular - momentum energy from nearby sodium atoms.

For example, a solution of 300 parts per billion of sodium in water would mean that there are 300 sodium atoms for every billion water molecules.

Hau set about designing a way to get a constant supply of sodium atoms in a vacuum.

Two condensates separated by ∼ 40 micrometers were created by evaporatively cooling sodium atoms in a double - well potential formed by magnetic and optical forces.

In 1985 Ashkin, Leo Hollberg, John E. Bjorkholm, Alex Cable and I at AT&T Bell Labs were able to cool sodium atoms to 240 millionths of a kelvin.

In the new, supercontrolled chemical reaction, researchers trapped a single sodium atom in one optical tweezer — a device that...

Those excited sodium atoms couple with the laser photons and fluoresce — creating an artificial guide star — which is used to measure and remove the turbulence of Earth's atmosphere, sharpening images by up to a factor of 20.

Extraction of sodium atoms from a trapped Bose - Einstein condensate (BEC) by a coherent, stimulated Raman process is demonstrated.

A continuous source of Bose - Einstein condensed sodium atoms was created by periodically replenishing a condensate held in an optical dipole trap with new condensates delivered using optical tweezers.

The researchers designed the four hydrogels» chemical makeup so that as soon as all the gels of a single cell touched, their positively charged sodium atoms surged toward one end of the lineup and negative chloride atoms flooded toward the other.

When an eel zaps its prey, positively charged potassium and sodium atoms inside and between these cells flow toward the eel's head, making each electrocyte's front end positive and tail end negative.

The laser is beamed into the sky, where it causes a layer of sodium atoms at an altitude of about 90 kilometres to glow.

They used a temperature - controlled reaction between sodium metal and carbon monoxide to create a black carbon powder that trapped sodium atoms.

After being split into five separate beams, the laser light illuminates sodium atoms naturally present in a layer within the mesosphere, about 90 kilometres high.

Here's the twist: they stopped it in a cloud of supercold sodium atoms, known as a Bose - Einstein condensate (BEC), and then restarted it in a second, distinct BEC as though the pulse had spookily jumped between the two locations.

Gurpreet Singh, assistant professor of mechanical and nuclear engineering, and his student researchers are the first to demonstrate that a composite paper — made of interleaved molybdenum disulfide and graphene nanosheets — can be both an active material to efficiently store sodium atoms and a flexible current collector.

What happens is this: The condensate contains sodium atoms held in place by a magnetic field and illuminated by a «coupling» laser that serves to make the condensate transparent to a specific frequency of light.

When the coupling laser came back on, the incoming jolt of energy caused the altered sodium atoms to shift energy levels, in the process releasing a light pulse of the exact phase and amplitude as the one originally sent in by the probe laser.

A view into the vacuum chamber where sodium atoms were cooled down to 500 picokelvin.

«Therefore, sodium atoms become a tracer of other elements that might be more abundant, but less easy to see.»

The new images, published in the July 19th issue of the journal Nature, reveal two distinct sources of sodium atoms escaping from Io.

«So, there is a continuous plasma wind hitting Io, causing sodium atoms to be sputtered from its atmosphere,» Mendillo explained.

To capture the faint signals from sodium atoms close to Io, the observers had to find a way to cope with the bright sunlight reflected from Io's surface, as well as from the even stronger light from nearby Jupiter.

MSG differs from glutamate by a single sodium atom attached to the molecule.

The current LGS AO system on the Keck II Telescope projects a 13 - Watt, pulsed dye laser beam to excite sodium atoms in the mesosphere, 90 kilometers above the Earth's surface.

In the new, supercontrolled chemical reaction, researchers trapped a single sodium atom in one optical tweezer — a device that snares small particles in a laser beam — and a cesium atom in another tweezer.

Shooting a laser into the night sky lights up a layer of sodium atoms 90 kilometres up, at the outer edge of the atmosphere.

Since every occasion somehow is influenced by its environment, a sodium atom within a living body is different from one outside it, say, in a salt mine.

In the new project, physicists enhanced that trick by chilling a gas of sodium atoms to within 50 billionths of a degree above absolute zero.

With an output of 50 watts — 1000 times more powerful than a typical handheld unit — the laser is tuned to sodium atoms» strong yellow emission at 589 nanometres.

In this artist's illustration, the NaK molecule is represented with frozen spheres of ice merged together: the smaller sphere on the left represents a sodium atom, and the larger sphere on the right is a potassium atom.

This type of salt, more familiar perhaps as baking soda when there's a sodium atom involved, holds the CO2.

A gravitational and magnetic atom trap is used to cool a sodium atom cloud below 500 picokelvin, a realm in which new quantum interactions may emerge.

That's why each sodium atom in sodium chloride is surrounded by six chlorines and vice versa, whereas in gallium arsenide, each atom has only four nearest neighbours.

Sodium atoms were evaporatively cooled close to the onset of Bose - Einstein condensation and then suddenly quenched to below the transition temperature.

This scattering force was first detected in 1933, when Otto R. Frisch used it to deflect a beam of sodium atoms.

Although, on average, each sodium atom absorbed only a single photon, Frisch was able to detect a slight deflection of the beam.

The light pulse from the probe disappeared, but not before it had communicated information about its amplitude and phase to the sodium atoms.

Like a desert mirage, a small box with a wire and some sodium atoms can make light curve.

When such a photon collides with a sodium atom, the sodium's own peculiar properties allow it to absorb the photon's angular momentum.

She then started cooling her sodium atoms toward absolute zero, and on midsummer's eve in 1997 she made «some really big, fat» Bose - Einstein condensates.

This means the sodium atoms enter superposition — they are in two energy states simultaneously.

In 2001 she and her colleagues turned off the coupling laser and discovered that the light pulse in the condensate disappeared; its characteristic shape, amplitude and phase, however, were imprinted on the sodium atoms.

Instead of water, liquid sodium is typically used as a coolant because the sodium atoms are so much larger and heavier than neutrons that when they collide the neutrons simply ricochet off the sodium atom - much a like a small bullet ricocheting off a thick plate metal.

Keck Observatory's Laser Guide Star systems create an artificial star in the earth's mesosphere, at an altitude of roughly 60 miles, by energizing a naturally occurring layer of sodium atoms, causing them to spontaneously emit light (or glow like a star).

In 1990, BU scientists discovered a large gas cloud — or nebula — of sodium atoms (Na) spanning great distances to either side of Jupiter.

«Of the various gases that come from Io's volcanoes, sodium atoms can be detected using ground - based telescopes because the light they emit is in the visible part of the spectrum — the same familiar orange glow from sodium street lights that are in most American cities,» said Mendillo.

This means it contains four atoms of boron as its central feature combined with two sodium atoms and ten molecules (or sometimes less) of crystallisation water — decahydrate means 10 water molecules, pentahydrate 5, and anhydrate or anhydrous borax means no crystallisation water; chemically it is all the same.