Sentences with phrase «sodium atoms in»

Hau set about designing a way to get a constant supply of sodium atoms in a vacuum.

Two condensates separated by ∼ 40 micrometers were created by evaporatively cooling sodium atoms in a double - well potential formed by magnetic and optical forces.

In the new, supercontrolled chemical reaction, researchers trapped a single sodium atom in one optical tweezer — a device that...

In the new, supercontrolled chemical reaction, researchers trapped a single sodium atom in one optical tweezer — a device that snares small particles in a laser beam — and a cesium atom in another tweezer.

Not exact matches

To use an example of Waddington (1961, p. 20), sodium chloride molecules exhibit properties which we can not observe by studying sodium and chlorine atoms in isolation.

Just as the discovery that sodium chloride has properties not exhibited by sodium and chlorine in isolation tells us something about the nature of sodium and chlorine which we could not otherwise know, so too the existence of subjectivity in combinations of atoms that make human brains tells us something about the nature of those atoms that make those brains.

Sodium atoms are just as much «conformists» inside the body as outside it, but the pattern of physical feeling to which they conform is different in the body.

A third laser shot a pulse of light at the atoms to provide a boost of energy that helped the atoms bond into a sodium cesium molecule, researchers report online April 12 in Science.

In the new project, physicists enhanced that trick by chilling a gas of sodium atoms to within 50 billionths of a degree above absolute zero.

After being split into five separate beams, the laser light illuminates sodium atoms naturally present in a layer within the mesosphere, about 90 kilometres high.

In this artist's illustration, the NaK molecule is represented with frozen spheres of ice merged together: the smaller sphere on the left represents a sodium atom, and the larger sphere on the right is a potassium atom.

Here's the twist: they stopped it in a cloud of supercold sodium atoms, known as a Bose - Einstein condensate (BEC), and then restarted it in a second, distinct BEC as though the pulse had spookily jumped between the two locations.

A gravitational and magnetic atom trap is used to cool a sodium atom cloud below 500 picokelvin, a realm in which new quantum interactions may emerge.

He prepared the atoms by vaporizing sodium in a container.

But because only the surface of the sodium chunk contacts water, only atoms in its outer layer can react.

To see dynamical tunneling in action, two teams — one based at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland, the other at the University of Texas, Austin — first used a complicated series of laser beams and magnetic fields to cool atoms of cesium or sodium to a temperature of a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero.

She then started cooling her sodium atoms toward absolute zero, and on midsummer's eve in 1997 she made «some really big, fat» Bose - Einstein condensates.

This means the sodium atoms enter superposition — they are in two energy states simultaneously.

What happens is this: The condensate contains sodium atoms held in place by a magnetic field and illuminated by a «coupling» laser that serves to make the condensate transparent to a specific frequency of light.

When the coupling laser came back on, the incoming jolt of energy caused the altered sodium atoms to shift energy levels, in the process releasing a light pulse of the exact phase and amplitude as the one originally sent in by the probe laser.

A few years earlier, a team at MIT used gravitation and magnetic fields to slow down the atoms in a cloud of sodium gas.

In the case of the sodium iodide that DAMA uses, the dark atom would change its energy and be seen.

The PRISM reactor builds on this sodium - cooled reactor experience first pioneered in 1951 to turn the binding energy of the atom into electrical energy.

In 1951 J. M. Bijvoet, A. F. Peerdeman, and A. J. van Bommel showed, using x-ray crystallography, that the absolute arrangement of atoms in space for sodium rubidium tartarate could be determineIn 1951 J. M. Bijvoet, A. F. Peerdeman, and A. J. van Bommel showed, using x-ray crystallography, that the absolute arrangement of atoms in space for sodium rubidium tartarate could be determinein space for sodium rubidium tartarate could be determined.

For example, a solution of 300 parts per billion of sodium in water would mean that there are 300 sodium atoms for every billion water molecules.

Most other nutrients, on the other hand, are more actively transported - there are certain receptors lining those intestinal cells (cells called enterocytes, if anybody cares) that pull salts, sugars, amino acids, etc. through the intestinal lining into the cells in exchange for other compounds (e.g. they'll pull in a hydrogen ion at the same time as an amino acid, then exchange the new hydrogen atom for a sodium molecule later.)

Hans Bethe, Manhattan Project scientist and Nobel laureate, calculated in 1956 that if a breeder's liquid sodium coolant leaked out, it could melt in 40 seconds, become a small unintended atom bomb and spontaneously explode.