Sentences with phrase «sodium excretion in»

Trends in 24 - h urinary sodium excretion in the United States, 1957 - 2003: a systematic review.

He and a colleague reviewed studies between 1957 and 2003 that measured sodium excretion in urine — a very accurate way of determining salt intake that gets around the difficulties in figuring out exactly how much salt is in your food.

But approximately 90 percent of the participants in the PURE study had either a high (greater than 5.99 grams per day) or moderate (3 to 5.99 grams per day) level of sodium excretion; approximately 10 percent excreted less than 3 grams per day, and only 4 percent had sodium excretion in the range associated with current U.S. guidelines for sodium intake (2.3 or 1.5 grams per day).

Not exact matches

«Further, the study also showed that consuming larger amounts of potassium in the diet counterbalances the adverse affect of high sodium excretion on blood pressure in cardiovascular disease outcomes.»

Danish researchers have found that sleep deprivation causes healthy children, between the ages of eight and twelve, to urinate significantly more frequently, excrete more sodium in their urine, have altered regulation of the hormones important for excretion, and have higher blood pressure and heart rates.

This measure, known as 24 - hour urinary sodium excretion, provides a rough estimate of the amount of sodium a person consumed in the previous day.

In the CKD study, BMI and sex were the primary cardiovascular risk variables but sodium excretion also contributed to cardiovascular risk of hypertensives.

The «wildly speculative values» of 3 to 7 grams per day referred to by Cordain came from a cohort study published in 2011 in The Journal of the American Medical Association in which sodium intake of almost twenty - nine thousand patients with established cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus was estimated by twenty - four - hour urinary sodium excretion.26 During the follow - up of fifty - four months, the study found that daily sodium intake below three grams and above seven grams significantly increased cardiovascular risk.

Mente, A, O'Donnell M, Rangaranjan S and others: «Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of four studies:» Lancet 2016 May 20.

The majority of subjects in both studies were overweight and obese.8 Obesity is associated with increased sodium excretion and with increased cardiovascular risk.

In the lowest category of sodium excretion, with an average of 1.9 grams per day, the percentage of subjects that had CVD events was higher (7.2 percent) than that of the second category (6.8 percent), with average excretion of 3 grams per day, even though the average BMI and percentage of high - risk males was lower in the lowest categorIn the lowest category of sodium excretion, with an average of 1.9 grams per day, the percentage of subjects that had CVD events was higher (7.2 percent) than that of the second category (6.8 percent), with average excretion of 3 grams per day, even though the average BMI and percentage of high - risk males was lower in the lowest categorin the lowest category.

The observed increase in mortality and CVD events among those with daily sodium excretion less than 3 grams is consistent with the findings of many other studies.3, 4,6,7,22 During follow - up, one hundred twenty - six patients (4.5 percent) developed end - stage renal disease (ESRD).

SODIUM EXCRETION AND RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH KIDNEY DISEASE A second study cited by the CDC under the consistency criteria, «Sodium excretion and risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease» 7 included 3757 subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD), 55 percent males, who experienced 804 CVD events during 6.8 years followSODIUM EXCRETION AND RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH KIDNEY DISEASE A second study cited by the CDC under the consistency criteria, «Sodium excretion and risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease» 7 included 3757 subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD), 55 percent males, who experienced 804 CVD events during 6.8 years folEXCRETION AND RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH KIDNEY DISEASE A second study cited by the CDC under the consistency criteria, «Sodium excretion and risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease» 7 included 3757 subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD), 55 percent males, who experienced 804 CVD events during 6.8 years follow - uIN PATIENTS WITH KIDNEY DISEASE A second study cited by the CDC under the consistency criteria, «Sodium excretion and risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease» 7 included 3757 subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD), 55 percent males, who experienced 804 CVD events during 6.8 years followSodium excretion and risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease» 7 included 3757 subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD), 55 percent males, who experienced 804 CVD events during 6.8 years folexcretion and risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease» 7 included 3757 subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD), 55 percent males, who experienced 804 CVD events during 6.8 years follow - uin patients with chronic kidney disease» 7 included 3757 subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD), 55 percent males, who experienced 804 CVD events during 6.8 years follow - up.

Mills KT and others: «Sodium excretion and risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease» JAMA 2016 May 24 - 31; 31 (20): 2200 - 10.

The percentage of CKD patients who had cardiovascular events during follow - up was higher (18.4 percent) in the lowest quartile of urinary sodium excretion (average excretion 2.5 grams per day) than the 16.5 percent in the second quartile (average excretion 3.3 grams per day).

The reference range of 4 to 5 grams per day was used in assessing the risk of sodium excretion above and below the reference range.

but only in the highest quartile of sodium excretion.

It is noted that a sodium intake of less than 2 grams per day, which approximates the sodium intake of the paleo diet with no added salt, was associated with a 68 percent increase in cardiovascular disease risk during follow - up of fifty - four months in the study reviewed in the Kresser blog.26 Another study, which excluded subjects with cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes, found that after thirty - three months, the cardiovascular risk of those with daily sodium excretion of 1.9 grams was 36 percent higher after adjustment for body mass index and sex than the risk of those excreting 3 grams.6

The sodium excretion of the study subjects of 3.8 grams per day was significantly higher than the average sodium excretion of around 3.4 grams per day in the U.S. and Canada.

However, in the Hamilton sodium studies, assessments of the association between sodium excretion and CVD risk were made in which subjects with such preexisting conditions were excluded, with no significant effects on outcomes.

Table 1 below includes pertinent data on BMI and number and percentage of males by category of urinary sodium excretion, together with the percentage of subjects in each category who experienced CVD events during follow - up.

In contrast, a negligible percentage of the population of the U.S. and Canada are at increased risk due to sodium excretion of more than 7 grams / day.

These values are derived from twenty - four - hour urinary sodium excretion measurements in studies involving over one hundred thousand participants.4 Cordain implies that sodium intake in «non-westernized people» is far lower than in the US, but in fact the average daily sodium intake in Asia, Africa and the Middle East is about 50 percent higher than the 3.4 grams per day in the U.S. and Canada.24, 25

Mente A, and others «Assessment of urinary sodium and potassium excretion in Canadians using 24 - hour urinary excretion» Can J Cardiol 2016 Mar; 32 (3): 319 - 26.

When sodium excretion exceeded 7 grams per day there was no significant change in risk (hazard ratio 0.90).

Fatal and nonfatal outcomes, incidence of hypertension, and BP changes in relation to urinary sodium excretion.

In addition, it improves endothelial function and arterial flexibility, improves blood and oxygen supply to the heart, reduces platelet aggregation, and has a mild hypotensive effect via vasodilation and the promotion of sodium excretion.

In the kidneys, dopamine increases the excretion of sodium, as well as the urine output.

This allows the excretion of extra retained sodium and fluid in the urine.

Fatal and Nonfatal Outcomes, Incidence of Hypertension, and Blood Pressure Changes in Relation to Urinary Sodium Excretion.

In the process, sodium is lost too, and it may result in lowered blood pressure (in Overlack et al. the counter-regulators had 10 % higher average sodium excretion than salt - resistant group, and 20 % higher than salt - sensitive groupIn the process, sodium is lost too, and it may result in lowered blood pressure (in Overlack et al. the counter-regulators had 10 % higher average sodium excretion than salt - resistant group, and 20 % higher than salt - sensitive groupin lowered blood pressure (in Overlack et al. the counter-regulators had 10 % higher average sodium excretion than salt - resistant group, and 20 % higher than salt - sensitive groupin Overlack et al. the counter-regulators had 10 % higher average sodium excretion than salt - resistant group, and 20 % higher than salt - sensitive group).

-RCB- elevated sodium level within kidneys, either as a result of pathological bottleneck such as reduced number of nephrons, or simply due to heightened intake - or both - may activate pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in proximal tubular cells, may cause oxidative stress by activating ROS - producing NADH oxidase enzymes, or blood vessel constriction by inhibiting kidney arginine transport and nitric oxide synthesis; elevated renal inflammation, oxidative stress and restricted blood flow all can impair the efficacy of sodium excretion, more so combined (if extensive, it can also result in post-natal reduction of nephron units)

And levels of urinary sodium excretion were inversely related to the risk of dying of cardiovascular causes, Staessen and colleagues reported in the May 4 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

It's important to maintain a balance between sodium and potassium in the diet, because sodium intake can affect potassium excretion, and vice versa.

In each group, urinary sodium excretion changed little between the run - in and intervention phaseIn each group, urinary sodium excretion changed little between the run - in and intervention phasein and intervention phases.

Results were similar after adjustment for changes in weight and urinary sodium excretion.

One measured fluid, electrolyte, and renal indices of hydration over eleven days of caffeine consumption in human subjects, finding that doses of up to 6 mg caffeine per kilogram of body weight had no effect on body mass, urine osmolality (urine concentration), urine specific gravity (concentration of excreted materials in urine), urine color, urine volume, sodium excretion, potassium secretion, creatinine content, blood urea nitrogen (forms when protein breaks down), and serum levels of sodium and potassium.

Studies have shown that the absorption, distribution, and excretion of selenium in food were distinctly different from those in sodium selenite.

Aldosterone hormone regulates the electrolyte and water balance of the body and is involved in the excretion of potassium and retention of sodium.