Here's what happening:
sodium ions from the brine (the salted water) replace calcium and magnesium ions in the bean's skin.
Not exact matches
Scientists
from the University of Wollongong have developed prototype battery cells based on
sodium -
ion technology, which the university says can achieve excellent cycling stability and easily be scaled up to mass production.
A typical water - softening system removes calcium and magnesium
ions from hard water and replaces them with
sodium ions.
The discovery could be the key to inexpensive, safe battery cells; inexpensive because, apart
from anything else, the
sodium FSI cells can be constructed more safely and thus more easily than the familiar lithium
ion batteries.
In frogs with the disease, the skin's ability to take up
sodium and potassium
ions from the water decreases by more than 50 per cent, Jamie Voyles of James Cook University in Townsville, Queensland, Australia, and his colleagues found (Science, DOI: 10.1126 / science.1176765).
Professor Maarten Roeffaers
from the Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis explains: «Zeolites contain
sodium or potassium
ions.
The researchers discovered T - type channels in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, can shift
from using calcium
ions to using
sodium ions to generate the electrical signal.
«It looked like this «resemblance element» might be a molecular time capsule derived
from a primeval
ion channel thought to have birthed distinct
sodium and calcium channels a billion years ago,» Yue says.
The researchers discovered T - type channels in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, can shift
from using calcium
ions to using
sodium ions to generate the electrical signal because of an outer shield of amino acids called a turret situated above the channel's entrance.
TerraLeaf is working on using chlorophyllin — the chlorophyll
from a plant turned into a salt by adding
sodium ions and copper — paired with an electrically conducting polymer to form a membrane that can pull CO2 (or other greenhouse gases)
from air and form carbon - based chemicals, and potentially even fuels.
To balance the negative charge caused by the loss of positive hydrogen
ions,
sodium ions pass
from the central saltwater chamber into the cathode chamber via another membrane.
Action potential When about 0.1 volt kicks in (1/100, 000 the strength of a static shock
from a rug), negatively charged potassium rushes out of the cell, and positively charged
sodium floods in at 100,000,000
ions per second.
The researchers found that due to its size, the larger chloride
ion (Cl --RRB- prevents water
from accessing kink sites during detachment, limiting the overall rate of
sodium chloride dissolution in water.
The data include soluble
ions (
sodium and non-sea-salt sulfate) and dust particle concentrations, as well as major oxide geochemistry of tephra grains isolated
from snow samples.
ACT - activated clotting time (bleeding disorders) ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone (adrenal gland function) Ag - antigen test for proteins specific to a disease causing organism or virus Alb - albumin (liver, kidney and intestinal disorders) Alk - Phos, ALP alkaline phosphatase (liver and adrenal disorders) Allergy Testing intradermal or blood antibody test for allergen hypersensitivity ALT - alanine aminotransferase (liver disorder) Amyl - amylase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) ANA - antinuclear antibody (systemic lupus erythematosus) Anaplasmosis Anaplasma spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) APTT - activated partial thromboplastin time (blood clotting ability) AST - aspartate aminotransferase (muscle and liver disorders) Band band cell — type of white blood cell Baso basophil — type of white blood cell Bile Acids digestive acids produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder (liver function) Bili bilirubin (bile pigment responsible for jaundice
from liver disease or RBC destruction) BP - blood pressure measurement BUN - blood urea nitrogen (kidney and liver function) Bx biopsy C & S aerobic / anaerobic bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test (infection, drug selection) Ca +2 calcium
ion — unbound calcium (parathyroid gland function) CBC - complete blood count (all circulating cells) Chol cholesterol (liver, thyroid disorders) CK, CPK creatine [phospho] kinase (muscle disease, heart disease) Cl - chloride
ion — unbound chloride (hydration, blood pH) CO2 - carbon dioxide (blood pH) Contrast Radiograph x-ray image using injected radiopaque contrast media Cortisol hormone produced by the adrenal glands (adrenal gland function) Coomb's anti- red blood cell antibody test (immune - mediated hemolytic anemia) Crea creatinine (kidney function) CRT - capillary refill time (blood pressure, tissue perfusion) DTM - dermatophyte test medium (ringworm — dermatophytosis) EEG - electroencephalogram (brain function, epilepsy) Ehrlichia Ehrlichia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) EKG, ECG - electrok [c] ardiogram (electrical heart activity, heart arryhthmia) Eos eosinophil — type of white blood cell Fecal, flotation, direct intestinal parasite exam FeLV Feline Leukemia Virus test FIA Feline Infectious Anemia: aka Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasma, Haemobartonella felis test FIV Feline Immunodeficiency Virus test Fluorescein Stain fluorescein stain uptake of cornea (corneal ulceration) fT4, fT4ed, freeT4ed thyroxine hormone unbound by protein measured by equilibrium dialysis (thyroid function) GGT gamma - glutamyltranferase (liver disorders) Glob globulin (liver, immune system) Glu blood or urine glucose (diabetes mellitus) Gran granulocytes — subgroup of white blood cells Hb, Hgb hemoglobin — iron rich protein bound to red blood cells that carries oxygen (anemia, red cell mass) HCO3 - bicarbonate
ion (blood pH) HCT, PCV, MHCT hematocrit, packed - cell volume, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) K + potassium
ion — unbound potassium (kidney disorders, adrenal gland disorders) Lipa lipase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) LYME Borrelia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) Lymph lymphocyte — type of white blood cell MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (anemia, iron deficiency) MCV mean corpuscular volume — average red cell size (anemia, iron deficiency) Mg +2 magnesium
ion — unbound magnesium (diabetes, parathyroid function, malnutrition) MHCT, HCT, PCV microhematocrit, hematocrit, packed - cell volume (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) MIC minimum inhibitory concentration — part of the C&S that determines antimicrobial selection Mono monocyte — type of white blood cell MRI magnetic resonance imaging (advanced tissue imaging) Na +
sodium ion — unbound
sodium (dehydration, adrenal gland disease) nRBC nucleated red blood cell — immature red blood cell (bone marrow damage, lead toxicity) PCV, HCT, MHCT packed - cell volume, hematocrit, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) PE physical examination pH urine pH (urinary tract infection, urolithiasis) Phos phosphorus (kidney disorders, ketoacidosis, parathyroid function) PLI pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (pancreatitis) PLT platelet — cells involved in clotting (bleeding disorders) PT prothrombin time (bleeding disorders) PTH parathyroid hormone, parathormone (parathyroid function) Radiograph x-ray image RBC red blood cell count (anemia) REL Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever / Ehrlichia / Lyme combination test Retic reticulocyte — immature red blood cell (regenerative vs. non-regenerative anemia) RMSF Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever SAP serum alkaline phosphatase (liver disorders) Schirmer Tear Test tear production test (keratoconjunctivitis sicca — dry eye,) Seg segmented neutrophil — type of white blood cell USG Urine specific gravity (urine concentration, kidney function) spec cPL specific canine pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test spec fPL specific feline pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test T4 thyroxine hormone — total (thyroid gland function) TLI trypsin - like immunoreactivity (exocrine pancreatic insufficiency) TP total protein (hydration, liver disorders) TPR temperature / pulse / respirations (physical exam vital signs) Trig triglycerides (fat metabolism, liver disorders) TSH thyroid stimulating hormone (thyroid gland function) UA urinalysis (kidney function, urinary tract infection, diabetes) Urine Cortisol - Crea Ratio urine cortisol - creatine ratio (screening test for adrenal gland disease) Urine Protein - Crea Ratio urine protein - creatinine ratio (kidney disorders) VWF VonWillebrands factor (bleeding disorder) WBC white blood cell count (infection, inflammation, bone marrow suppression)
Tina Casey at sister site Cleantechnica has come across a different approach to harnessing the waste
from food processing: harnessing the electrochemical properties of apple peels for a
sodium -
ion battery.