Sentences with phrase «sodium ions in»

The technique of using sodium ions in the body as a biomarker for imaging is very challenging because of the lower detectability of the sodium signal in biological tissue by currently available MRI scanners.

The researchers have developed the first battery using sodium ions in the usual «18650» format, an industry standard.

The screen is ion - strengthened, which means it goes through a process in which sodium ions in the glass are replaced by potassium ions.

Not exact matches

Here's what happening: sodium ions from the brine (the salted water) replace calcium and magnesium ions in the bean's skin.

Sodium ions do not interfere with the action of household soaps and detergents, and so detergents can work more effectively in soft water than they do in hard water.

In this method, each of the magnesium and calcium ions are exchanged for two sodium ions.

The video relies on a cascade of chemical reactions: When a neurotransmitter called kainate binds to the surface of an astrocyte, a molecular floodgate opens and sodium ions rush in.

In frogs with the disease, the skin's ability to take up sodium and potassium ions from the water decreases by more than 50 per cent, Jamie Voyles of James Cook University in Townsville, Queensland, Australia, and his colleagues found (Science, DOI: 10.1126 / science.1176765In frogs with the disease, the skin's ability to take up sodium and potassium ions from the water decreases by more than 50 per cent, Jamie Voyles of James Cook University in Townsville, Queensland, Australia, and his colleagues found (Science, DOI: 10.1126 / science.1176765in Townsville, Queensland, Australia, and his colleagues found (Science, DOI: 10.1126 / science.1176765).

When exposed to capsaicin, these receptors open to allow in sodium and calcium ions, causing the receptors to transmit that hot signal to the brain.

Scientists previously thought ions — charged particles such as sodium or chloride, which bond to make salt — got buried in bodies of water.

Analysis of these samples by the spacecraft's Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer designed and developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, detected eight different types of metal ions, including sodium, magnesium and iron.

When the neuron gets a cue, gates on sodium channels are thrown open, ions rush in, and the voltage surges.

Sodium citrate comes in and replaces the calcium ions with sodium ions, which are less positively charged (sodium: +1; calciumSodium citrate comes in and replaces the calcium ions with sodium ions, which are less positively charged (sodium: +1; calciumsodium ions, which are less positively charged (sodium: +1; calciumsodium: +1; calcium: +2).

But solving that problem also led to a big surprise: Normally there is a single «itinerant ion» that passes through the electrolyte in a rechargeable battery, for example, lithium in lithium - ion batteries or sodium in sodium - sulfur.

The mutation resulted in a lower single channel conductance for calcium and a strongly increased conductance for sodium and potassium, indicating that glutamic acid - 95 is a crucial constituent of the ion selectivity filter.

In this scenario, when an object moved in the neuron's preferred direction, excitatory impulses would reach the target neuron first, triggering positively charged sodium ions to flow into the cell — an excitatory currenIn this scenario, when an object moved in the neuron's preferred direction, excitatory impulses would reach the target neuron first, triggering positively charged sodium ions to flow into the cell — an excitatory currenin the neuron's preferred direction, excitatory impulses would reach the target neuron first, triggering positively charged sodium ions to flow into the cell — an excitatory current.

This small protein molecule contains a loop which fits, like a key in a lock, into the ion channel proteins found on nerve cell membranes, which are used to transport sodium and potassium ions in and out of the cell.

Although electrolyte leakage is still undesired, its danger is minimized by the use of either the normal saline solution pumped into the body in most IV treatments or a cell - culture medium that contains amino acids, sugars, and vitamins in addition to sodium ions and thus mimics the fluid that surrounds human cells.

«Sodium ions are much smaller than the hydrogen protons bound to oxygen molecules in the water in our bodies which are mapped by conventional MRI.

Sodium ions naturally occurring in the body are much smaller than water molecules and are involved in many body functions associated with pathology.

Having the right concentrations of sodium and calcium ions in cells enables healthy brain communication, heart contraction and many other processes.

When, however, an ionic compound such as sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolves in water, the sodium chloride lattice dissociates into separate ions which are solvated (wrapped) with a coating of water molecules.

Researchers at Johns Hopkins have spotted a strong family trait in two distant relatives: The channels that permit entry of sodium and calcium ions into cells turn out to share similar means for regulating ion intake, they say.

The researchers discovered T - type channels in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, can shift from using calcium ions to using sodium ions to generate the electrical signal.

The researchers discovered T - type channels in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, can shift from using calcium ions to using sodium ions to generate the electrical signal because of an outer shield of amino acids called a turret situated above the channel's entrance.

«Breakthrough in rechargeable batteries: New twist to sodium - ion battery technology.»

The research appears in the latest issue of the journal ACS Nanoin the article «MoS2 / graphene composite paper for sodium - ion battery electrodes.»

Researchers have known for decades that some microorganisms, such as single - celled green algae, have proteins that respond to light by opening a channel in the microbe's membranes, allowing the passage of electrically charged ions (such as calcium and sodium).

Compared with the relatively mature designs of anodes used in lithium - ion batteries, anodes for sodium - ion batteries remain an active focus of R&D.

In this case, the array of sensors was formed of 21 ion - selective electrodes, including some with response to cations (ammonium, sodium), others with response to anions (nitrate, chloride, etc.), as well as electrodes with generic (unspecified) response to the varieties considered.

TRPV4 is an ion channel, a gateway in the cell membrane that rapidly lets in positively charged ions such as calcium and sodium.

«This opens a broad window into many different topics in electrochemistry, including sodium - ion batteries, lithium - sulfur batteries, multiple ion chemistries involving zinc and magnesium, or even electroplating and electrochemical synthesis; we just have not fully explored them yet.»

Now, scientists have developed an anode material that enables sodium - ion batteries to perform at high capacity over hundreds of cycles, according to their report in the journal ACS Nano.

«We discovered that it has characteristics similar to the properties previously identified for the pores responsible for sodium ion transport,» says co-lead author Dr Caitlin Byrt, Postdoctoral Fellow in the School of Agriculture, Food and Wine.

According to a research team led by Thomas Hund, the key may reside in voltage-gated sodium channels, nanoscopic pores that control the flow of sodium ions across the heart cell membrane.

Action potential When about 0.1 volt kicks in (1/100, 000 the strength of a static shock from a rug), negatively charged potassium rushes out of the cell, and positively charged sodium floods in at 100,000,000 ions per second.

When appropriately stimulated, the channels open, sodium ions flow in, and the muscle cells contract.

In this case, the influx of sodium ions is blocked and the excitation of the nerve cells is reduced.

The researchers found that due to its size, the larger chloride ion (Cl --RRB- prevents water from accessing kink sites during detachment, limiting the overall rate of sodium chloride dissolution in water.

The same transmitter, acetylcholine, can independently stimulate both a chloride ion conductance and a sodium pump mechanism in the same follower cell by acting on two different postsynaptic receptors.

Some of the electronic charge on the chloride ion (Cl --RRB- ends up on the water molecules in the first solvation shells around the chloride and sodium ions, with the waters around sodium being the most negative — the waters effectively act as an electronic sink.

Susan Amara, USA - «Regulation of transporter function and trafficking by amphetamines, Structure - function relationships in excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), Modulation of dopamine transporters (DAT) by GPCRs, Genetics and functional analyses of human trace amine receptors» Tom I. Bonner, USA (Past Core Member)- Genomics, G protein coupled receptors Michel Bouvier, Canada - Molecular Pharmacology of G protein - Coupled Receptors; Molecular mechanisms controlling the selectivity and efficacy of GPCR signalling Thomas Burris, USA - Nuclear Receptor Pharmacology and Drug Discovery William A. Catterall, USA (Past Core Member)- The Molecular Basis of Electrical Excitability Steven Charlton, UK - Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Moses Chao, USA - Mechanisms of Neurotophin Receptor Signaling Mark Coles, UK - Cellular differentiation, human embryonic stem cells, stromal cells, haematopoietic stem cells, organogenesis, lymphoid microenvironments, develomental immunology Steven L. Colletti, USA Graham L Collingridge, UK Philippe Delerive, France - Metabolic Research (diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver, cardio - vascular diseases, nuclear hormone receptor, GPCRs, kinases) Sir Colin T. Dollery, UK (Founder and Past Core Member) Richard M. Eglen, UK Stephen M. Foord, UK David Gloriam, Denmark - GPCRs, databases, computational drug design, orphan recetpors Gillian Gray, UK Debbie Hay, New Zealand - G protein - coupled receptors, peptide receptors, CGRP, Amylin, Adrenomedullin, Migraine, Diabetes / obesity Allyn C. Howlett, USA Franz Hofmann, Germany - Voltage dependent calcium channels and the positive inotropic effect of beta adrenergic stimulation; cardiovascular function of cGMP protein kinase Yu Huang, Hong Kong - Endothelial and Metabolic Dysfunction, and Novel Biomarkers in Diabetes, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia and Estrogen Deficiency, Endothelium - derived Contracting Factors in the Regulation of Vascular Tone, Adipose Tissue Regulation of Vascular Function in Obesity, Diabetes and Hypertension, Pharmacological Characterization of New Anti-diabetic and Anti-hypertensive Drugs, Hypotensive and antioxidant Actions of Biologically Active Components of Traditional Chinese Herbs and Natural Plants including Polypehnols and Ginsenosides Adriaan P. IJzerman, The Netherlands - G protein - coupled receptors; allosteric modulation; binding kinetics Michael F Jarvis, USA - Purines and Purinergic Receptors and Voltage-gated ion channel (sodium and calcium) pharmacology Pain mechanisms Research Reproducibility Bong - Kiun Kaang, Korea - G protein - coupled receptors; Glutamate receptors; Neuropsychiatric disorders Eamonn Kelly, Prof, UK - Molecular Pharmacology of G protein - coupled receptors, in particular opioid receptors, regulation of GPCRs by kinasis and arrestins Terry Kenakin, USA - Drug receptor pharmacodynamics, receptor theory Janos Kiss, Hungary - Neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease Stefan Knapp, Germany - Rational design of highly selective inhibitors (so call chemical probes) targeting protein kinases as well as protein interaction inhibitors of the bromodomain family Andrew Knight, UK Chris Langmead, Australia - Drug discovery, GPCRs, neuroscience and analytical pharmacology Vincent Laudet, France (Past Core Member)- Evolution of the Nuclear Receptor / Ligand couple Margaret R. MacLean, UK - Serotonin, endothelin, estrogen, microRNAs and pulmonary hyperten Neil Marrion, UK - Calcium - activated potassium channels, neuronal excitability Fiona Marshall, UK - GPCR molecular pharmacology, structure and drug discovery Alistair Mathie, UK - Ion channel structure, function and regulation, pain and the nervous system Ian McGrath, UK - Adrenoceptors; autonomic transmission; vascular pharmacology Graeme Milligan, UK - Structure, function and regulation of G protein - coupled receptors Richard Neubig, USA (Past Core Member)- G protein signaling; academic drug discovery Stefan Offermanns, Germany - G protein - coupled receptors, vascular / metabolic signaling Richard Olsen, USA - Structure and function of GABA - A receptors; mode of action of GABAergic drugs including general anesthetics and ethanol Jean - Philippe Pin, France (Past Core Member)- GPCR - mGLuR - GABAB - structure function relationship - pharmacology - biophysics Helgi Schiöth, Sweden David Searls, USA - Bioinformatics Graeme Semple, USA - GPCR Medicinal Chemistry Patrick M. Sexton, Australia - G protein - coupled receptors Roland Staal, USA - Microglia and neuroinflammation in neuropathic pain and neurological disorders Bart Staels, France - Nuclear receptor signaling in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases Katerina Tiligada, Greece - Immunopharmacology, histamine, histamine receptors, hypersensitivity, drug allergy, inflammation Georg Terstappen, Germany - Drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases with a focus on AD Mary Vore, USA - Activity and regulation of expression and function of the ATP - binding cassette (ABC) transportion channel (sodium and calcium) pharmacology Pain mechanisms Research Reproducibility Bong - Kiun Kaang, Korea - G protein - coupled receptors; Glutamate receptors; Neuropsychiatric disorders Eamonn Kelly, Prof, UK - Molecular Pharmacology of G protein - coupled receptors, in particular opioid receptors, regulation of GPCRs by kinasis and arrestins Terry Kenakin, USA - Drug receptor pharmacodynamics, receptor theory Janos Kiss, Hungary - Neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease Stefan Knapp, Germany - Rational design of highly selective inhibitors (so call chemical probes) targeting protein kinases as well as protein interaction inhibitors of the bromodomain family Andrew Knight, UK Chris Langmead, Australia - Drug discovery, GPCRs, neuroscience and analytical pharmacology Vincent Laudet, France (Past Core Member)- Evolution of the Nuclear Receptor / Ligand couple Margaret R. MacLean, UK - Serotonin, endothelin, estrogen, microRNAs and pulmonary hyperten Neil Marrion, UK - Calcium - activated potassium channels, neuronal excitability Fiona Marshall, UK - GPCR molecular pharmacology, structure and drug discovery Alistair Mathie, UK - Ion channel structure, function and regulation, pain and the nervous system Ian McGrath, UK - Adrenoceptors; autonomic transmission; vascular pharmacology Graeme Milligan, UK - Structure, function and regulation of G protein - coupled receptors Richard Neubig, USA (Past Core Member)- G protein signaling; academic drug discovery Stefan Offermanns, Germany - G protein - coupled receptors, vascular / metabolic signaling Richard Olsen, USA - Structure and function of GABA - A receptors; mode of action of GABAergic drugs including general anesthetics and ethanol Jean - Philippe Pin, France (Past Core Member)- GPCR - mGLuR - GABAB - structure function relationship - pharmacology - biophysics Helgi Schiöth, Sweden David Searls, USA - Bioinformatics Graeme Semple, USA - GPCR Medicinal Chemistry Patrick M. Sexton, Australia - G protein - coupled receptors Roland Staal, USA - Microglia and neuroinflammation in neuropathic pain and neurological disorders Bart Staels, France - Nuclear receptor signaling in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases Katerina Tiligada, Greece - Immunopharmacology, histamine, histamine receptors, hypersensitivity, drug allergy, inflammation Georg Terstappen, Germany - Drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases with a focus on AD Mary Vore, USA - Activity and regulation of expression and function of the ATP - binding cassette (ABC) transportIon channel structure, function and regulation, pain and the nervous system Ian McGrath, UK - Adrenoceptors; autonomic transmission; vascular pharmacology Graeme Milligan, UK - Structure, function and regulation of G protein - coupled receptors Richard Neubig, USA (Past Core Member)- G protein signaling; academic drug discovery Stefan Offermanns, Germany - G protein - coupled receptors, vascular / metabolic signaling Richard Olsen, USA - Structure and function of GABA - A receptors; mode of action of GABAergic drugs including general anesthetics and ethanol Jean - Philippe Pin, France (Past Core Member)- GPCR - mGLuR - GABAB - structure function relationship - pharmacology - biophysics Helgi Schiöth, Sweden David Searls, USA - Bioinformatics Graeme Semple, USA - GPCR Medicinal Chemistry Patrick M. Sexton, Australia - G protein - coupled receptors Roland Staal, USA - Microglia and neuroinflammation in neuropathic pain and neurological disorders Bart Staels, France - Nuclear receptor signaling in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases Katerina Tiligada, Greece - Immunopharmacology, histamine, histamine receptors, hypersensitivity, drug allergy, inflammation Georg Terstappen, Germany - Drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases with a focus on AD Mary Vore, USA - Activity and regulation of expression and function of the ATP - binding cassette (ABC) transporters

Nav1.7 contains four peripheral voltage - sensor domains (VSDs) that surround and control a central ion pore domain that allows sodium ions to enter and initiate action potentials in sensory neurons.

Mutations for mammoth hemoglobin, extra hair growth, fat production, down to nuanced climate adaptations such as slightly altered sodium ion channels in cell membranes have already been engineered into fibroblast cell lines.

Moini, M., Jones, B. L., Rogers, R. M. & Jiang, L. Sodium trifluoroacetate as a tune / calibration compound for positive - and negative - ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the mass range of 100 — 4000 Da.

If you are rather lean, well - shaped and with a low percentage of body fat, but you are can't achieve good vascularity, especially in the lower abdominal area, water retention and excess sodium ions is the one to blame.

Because it means water absorption is heavily dependent on osmotic gradients - if the gut is filled with large quantities of mineral ions (particularly sodium), free glucose, etc., water will remain in the gut to serve as a buffer.

Most other nutrients, on the other hand, are more actively transported - there are certain receptors lining those intestinal cells (cells called enterocytes, if anybody cares) that pull salts, sugars, amino acids, etc. through the intestinal lining into the cells in exchange for other compounds (e.g. they'll pull in a hydrogen ion at the same time as an amino acid, then exchange the new hydrogen atom for a sodium molecule later.)

If I understand Linus Pauling's work, on the chemical bond, and I don't, Salt does not really disassociate into Sodium and Chlorine ions in the body when dissolved in the blood unless the body wants to use either of those elements.

As an electrolyte, potassium is a positive charged ion that must maintain a certain concentration (about 30 times higher inside than outside your cells) in order to carry out its functions, which includes interacting with sodium to help control nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction and heart function.