Sentences with phrase «soil surface»

How much water and where depends on a number of things; soil composition, air and soil surface temperature, amount and frequency of rainfall / precipitation, and drainage.

«With burrowing their nest, ants make and move the aggregates on soil surface around their nest,» says Li.

The amount of soil surface disturbance and resulting surface residue has implications for energy use, GHG emissions and economics of the cropping system.

In the Guam case, the Acacia trees are pursued to restore barren scars because these degraded soil surfaces do not become re-vegetated by the grass species that comprise the savanna vegetation.

Wars, oil and gas exploration, agriculture, cattle production, and general development have broken up soil surfaces around the world.

In other cases, fires can cause soil surfaces to harden.

Moreover, mixed farming and the diversity of organic crop rotations are protecting the fragile soil surface and may even counteract climate change by restoring the organic matter content93.

both are great in stiff climb, grassy soil surface and uphill.

Flea control with nematodes was least on natural turf and best on bare soil surfaces that had adequate moisture.

The incredible 71 km trail is able to be ridden year - round and in all climactic conditions as the pumice soil surface drains quickly in wet weather.

Changes in soil surface conditions, such as surface roughness, sealing and crusting, may change with shifts in climate, and hence affect erosion rates.

What they do on the Moon is measure the sub soil surface temperature instead (directly on moon missions and using other long - distance methods).

soil erodibility changes due to a decrease in soil organic matter concentrations (which lead to a soil structure that is more susceptible to erosion) and to increased runoff (due to increased soil surface sealing and crusting);

«Wetlands» in this context refers to areas that maintain a wet soil surface over a certain period of time.

Short - term CO2 release for fall tillage is related to depth of soil disturbance and soil surface roughness, Reicosky and Lindstrom (1995).

Soil vulnerability to climate change is indicated by shallow desert substrates with high soluble salts and the slow recolonisation of disturbed soil surfaces by different algae components (Evans and Belnap, 1999; Johansen, 2001; Duraiappah et al., 2005).

Yes, the local soil surface was getting a little warmer, but the wind would also be taking less heat away from the area; one would counteract the other; there would be no net increase in heating generally.

Moreover, the presence of forest may modify local microclimate (evapotranspiration, rainfall generation, exclusion of invading grasses, shading of soil surface, and seedlings) sufficiently to favor the persistence of forest («microclimatic inertia»).

They cut off the stems above, at, or just below the soil surface.

Mono - cropping exposes the soil surface allowing faster transpiration rate and reducing moisture, in the context of rubber plantations the rubber tappers suffered most since there is a significant reduction of moisture there is a dramatic decrease in sap supply of rubber trees.»

However, frequent soil cultivation decreases soil health and disrupts the ecological system; increases fuel and labor costs, and brings buried weed seeds to the soil surface.

Any material (such as straw, plastic, or newspaper) applied over the soil surface to retard weed growth, conserve moisture, and maintain a uniform temperature.

Temperatures in excess of 125 degrees will kill soil - borne pests, including pathogens, nematodes, insects, and weed seeds up to four inches below the soil surface, but it takes four to six weeks of very sunny weather to eliminate disease - causing organisms at greater depths.

In the third year, herbicides were used in the non-organic system to control monocotyledonous weeds, while only biomass ashes were spread on the soil surface in the organic system for weed control, but also to prevent frost damage.

Depth to humidity: The indicator used to compare levels of field moisture did not establish field moisture per se, but compared the depth to moist soil from the dry soil surface.

Weed - free straw, thick layers of leaf mulch, well - composted manure or plastic mulch can be used to cover the soil surface.

The work was completed in May and June 2014 with the ground cover established protecting the soil surface.

Most importantly, nematicide - carrying virus particles dispersed better when applied to the soil surface and made more molecules available to kill nematodes at the root level.

Vršanský and his colleagues found it in the Tan Phu cave, part of a lava - tube cave system running a few metres below the soil surface under a forest in southern Vietnam.

The banksia and other members of the protea family extend roots across the soil surface to collect the tiny amount of nutrients that come with rainfall or decaying plant matter.

At the beginning and after a year, they measured the percentage of the soil surface occupied by each species.

For example, some species invest in a large tap root that descends directly below the trunk while other species send large roots out laterally just below the soil surface.

When those measures fail, farmers are turning to cover crops to block weed growth and tilling the soil to kill emerged weeds or bury viable seeds deep below the soil surface.

They have so much stone cover and they're dark black and they get really hot but the amount of life contained on the soil surface is very minimal.

One of the major conclusions drawn from this study, with potential far - reaching implications, is that even mild air warming of less than 1 °C is triggering greenhouse gas production at depth: enhanced input of labile organic substances from the soil surface, transported to deeper soil layers via leaching, greatly influences arctic greenhouse gas biogeochemistry.

These events happen when winter rain percolates through snow and forms an impenetrable ice barrier over moss and lichen at the soil surface.

Knowledge of even the basic elements of the biodiversity that is so visible above ground — in particular, species diversity and distribution — remains far more rudimentary where life below the soil surface is concerned.

Only a tracker would drop to all fours to assess marks and patterns on the soil surface and envision the precise action of hooves that created them.

When it does rain — and in the desert Southwest, summer rains come in monsoonal downpours — those peaks and valleys on the soil surface help retain the water.

In contrast, poultry litter applied under the soil surface did not affect these factors.

«These pores also allow water to enter the soil surface through infiltration, where it starts moving both laterally and vertically.»

The team also assessed 174 protected areas, finding that for every hectare of forest put into protection, an average 95 metric tons of carbon are stored on land, with even more carbon sequestered below the soil surface.

The scientists believe that the drains, designed to channel rain or irrigation runoff to the gutter in front of the house, may leave a perpetual supply of standing water in the buried pipe beneath the soil surface, which provide sites for mosquito development.

The pupae died at the soil surface and in very shallow depths below ground, Thom said.

In the experiment, scientists placed atala pupae at the soil surface and at different depths.

For this to happen, foliage on the ground has to be cleared and the soil surface broken so that seedlings can establish themselves.

Moreover, to contribute best to the nitrogen needs of the spring crop, the residues should not be tilled into the soil and must be left on the soil surface.»