Joule, the developer of a direct, single - step, continuous process for the production of
solar hydrocarbon fuels (earlier post), has extended its solar CO2 conversion platform to produce renewable gasoline - and jet fuel - range hydrocarbons.
Not exact matches
Their ultimate goal is to find ways to use
solar energy — either directly or via electricity generated by
solar cells — to convert the end products of
hydrocarbon combustion, water and carbon dioxide, back into a carbon - based
fuel.
The asymptotic condition in the case that all
hydrocarbons are used to extract
hydrocarbons is then that the net entropy gain per unit area and unit time from fossil
fuel extraction has to exceed the net rate of entropy gain per unit area and unit time from purely
solar flux cooling:
Thankfully the shale boom stifled such US
fuel poverty that is seen throughout Europe and now Australia thanks to «unreliable» energy — wind and
solar — subsidised at 110 — 400 % in order to compete with
hydrocarbon based
fuels.
Choices are hydroelectric, coal, nuclear, and isolated
solar for off grid and satellite apps, some day it will be cost effective to mine landfills for metals and
hydrocarbons for
fuels.
When used as a source of energy to manufacture
hydrocarbons such as methane and liquid
fuels, as you point out
solar panels can only do this in the daytime.
One
solar strategy that does look interesting is Nate Lewis's proposal to make
hydrocarbon fuels from sunlight:
Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago and the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory, funded by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy, has resulted in a «potentially game - changing
solar cell» that removes CO2 from the air and converts it directly into
hydrocarbon fuel.
The basic idea is very straightforward: place very large
solar arrays into continuously and intensely sunlit Earth orbit (1,366 watts / meter squared), collect gigawatts of electrical energy, electromagnetically beam it to Earth, and receive it on the surface for use either as base load power via direct connection to the existing electrical grid, conversion into manufactured synthetic
hydrocarbon fuels, or as low ‐ intensity broadcast power beamed directly to consumers.»
UTA researchers demonstrate one - step
solar process to convert CO2 and H2O directly into renewable liquid
hydrocarbon fuels
Joule's
solar technology is bypassing these challenges while converting a waste stream into cost - competitive
hydrocarbon fuels, which will have far greater and faster impact than low - percentage blendstocks or transportation alternatives that require major infrastructure overhaul,» said William J. Sims, President and CEO of Joule.
Solar panels could be free and 100 % efficient and that still wouldn't solve most of the problems with replacing
hydrocarbon fuels.
Of course, to me the ideal answer is direct
solar power →
Fuel, such as methane (to replace natural gas) or liquid
hydrocarbons (to replace fossil).
Fossil
fuels are, of course, also very inefficient converters of
solar energy, «the production of fossil
hydrocarbon recovers at best close to 1 % but commonly just 0.01 % of the carbon that was initially present in the ancient biomass whose transformation yielded oil and gas.»