All of the energy produced by interior fusion must travel through many successive layers to
the solar photosphere before it escapes into space.
It will do this via high - speed (sub-second timescales) spectroscopic and magnetic measurements of
the solar photosphere, chromosphere and corona.
Not exact matches
At its closest it will be within 4 million miles of the roiling
solar surface, known as the
photosphere.
This interface region between the sun's
photosphere and corona powers its dynamic million - degree atmosphere and drives the
solar wind.
Just keeping count of the number of spots, for example, led to recognition of the 11 - year sunspot cycle that waxes from «
solar minimum,» when very few spots are seen, to «
solar maximum,» when great conglomerations of planet - size splotches pockmark the
photosphere, or visible surface of the sun.
The older idea that acoustic waves flowing out of lower levels heats the corona was abandoned in the 1970s, when the Orbiting
Solar Observatory 8 spacecraft did not see such waves in the chromosphere, the layer just above the
photosphere (the apparent «surface» of the sun in visible light).
It has long been suspected that turbulent motions in the lower
solar atmosphere are propagated outward as waves in some form, which ultimately shock the thin atmosphere above the surface (the
photosphere).
Total
solar eclipses, seen from Chile on April 16, 1893 (left) and from Mexico on March 7, 1970 (right), reveal the sun's powerful corona, streaming from its
photosphere at temperatures of more than 1,000,000 degrees F.
To see what sunspots looks like using modern instrumentation, here are two images of the sun's
photosphere, taken by the
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (a joint project of NASA and the European Space Agency).
HMI is an instrument designed to study oscillations and the magnetic field at the
solar surface, or
photosphere.
To carry out novel investigations based on spectro - polarimetric observations with ground - based and space
solar telescopes, with emphasis on the study of the magnetic field in chromospheric and coronal structures and its coupling with the underlying
photosphere.
The corona can be seen only during
solar eclipses because it is millions of times fainter than the
photosphere.
During
solar eclipses it can be seen when the much brighter
photosphere is blocked out by the Moon.
The
solar atmosphere above that consists of the
photosphere, chromosphere, a transition region and the corona.
The
solar atmosphere is made up of the
photosphere, the chromosphere, a transition region, and the corona.
The parts of the Sun above the
photosphere are referred to collectively as the
solar atmosphere.
However, in comparison with the
solar case, the FIR
photosphere of alpha Cen A appears marginally cooler, Tmin = T160mu = 3920 + / -375 K. Beyond the minimum near 160mu, the brightness temperatures increase and this radiation likely originates in warmer regions of the chromosphere of alpha Cen A. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time a temperature minimum has been directly measured on a main - sequence star other than the Sun.
Taking advantage of multi-instrument data sets and building up statistics of these events by correlating the changes of physical parameters will provide a comprehensive picture of these processes from the
photosphere to the higher
solar atmosphere.
Light at this wavelength originates from the visible
solar surface, the
photosphere.
This is why (absent sufficient
solar or other non-LW heating) the skin temperature is lower than the effective radiating temperature of the planet (in analogy to the sun, the SW radiation from the sun is like the LW radiation, and the direct «
solar heating» of the part of the atmosphere above the
photosphere may have to due with electromagnetic effects (as in macroscopic plasmas and fields, not so much radiation emitted as a function of temperature).
Region 1263 on the
photosphere (the
solar surface), near the west limb, produced the event and a few others of lesser magnitude in the past day.
Same for the temperature measurements, what part of the
photosphere is the correct
solar temperature?