Sentences with phrase «solar ultraviolet»

The end of the SORCE mission in 2011 (assuming a 4 - year extension of the core 5 - year mission) will terminate a 9 - year record of solar visible and infrared spectral irradiance and a 20 - year record of solar ultraviolet spectral irradiance.

6.11.1 Total Solar Irradiance 6.11.1.1 The observational record 6.11.1.2 Reconstructions of past variations of total solar irradiance 6.11.2 Mechanisms for Amplification of Solar Forcing 6.11.2.1 Solar ultraviolet variation 6.11.2.2 Cosmic rays and clouds

Ozone absorbs incoming solar ultraviolet, leading to heating, which is balanced by thermal radiation from the greenhouse gases in the stratosphere.

-- Changes (order of a few percent) in globally averaged column ozone forced by the solar ultraviolet irradiance 11 - year cycle are now better understood, but ozone profile changes are less certain.

Low solar activity sees the atmosphere above the South Pole cool both directly with less solar radiant energy and as reduced ozone warming by solar ultraviolet radiation.

Possible correlations between solar ultraviolet variability and climate change have previously been explained in terms of changes in ozone heating influencing stratospheric weather.

SAM is influenced by the warming and cooling of ozone layers as solar ultraviolet radiation waxes and wanes (Petrick et al 2012).

The postulated effects are from increased solar ultraviolet output, affecting upper atmosphere chemistry, and from stronger solar wind — the continuous flow of charged particles emanating from the sun that bathes the whole solar system.

The mechanism for these changes is via a stratospheric pathway, a so - called «top - down» mechanism, and involves altered heating of the stratosphere by solar ultraviolet irradiance.»

ABSTRACT Large changes in solar ultraviolet radiation can indirectly affect climate by inducing atmospheric changes.

Hall, E.S. Comparison of Five Modeling Approaches to Quantify and Estimate the Effect of Clouds on the Radiation Amplification Factor (RAF) for Solar Ultraviolet Radiation.

«Tholin haze» in this chart refers to the interaction of solar ultraviolet with Nitrogen and Methane molecules in Titan's upper atmosphere.

The SAG on ozone and solar ultraviolet radiation establish data quality objectives and standard operating procedures outlining measurement methods and procedures.251

WOUDC receives guidance from the WMO SAG for issues related to both ozone and solar ultraviolet radiation data.

Absorption of solar ultraviolet energy by ozone produces most of the heating in the middle atmosphere.

On the other hand both records have shown dramatic cooling in the stratosphere, where cooling is indeed expected due to increasing greenhouse gases and decreasing ozone (which heats the stratosphere due to its absorption of solar ultraviolet radiation).

As examples of work in this category, I would mention Judith Lean's tireless efforts on relating luminosity to sunspot number, the work of Bard and colleagues on developing isotopic solar proxies like 10Be, Shindell's work on response to solar ultraviolet variability, and the work of Foukal et al on factors governing solar irradiance variations.

Under ultraviolet light examination, transient dark and bright stripes mark Venus» atmosphere, indicating regions where Solar ultraviolet radiation is either absorbed or reflected, respectively (more from Venus Express and APOD).

On the dwarf planet, the reddish color is likely caused by tholins, which are formed when cosmic rays and solar ultraviolet light interact with methane in Pluto's atmosphere and on its surface.

«What we're going to do is examine the structure and composition, the energy inputs into the upper atmosphere, the solar wind, the solar ultraviolet - light, and solar energetic particles that come out of major storms on the sun, and see how the atmosphere responds,» Jakosky said.

The most important ionizing source is photoionization by solar ultraviolet radiation, which is produced in the outer layers of the solar atmosphere (i.e, the solar corona).

At altitudes of 60 kilometers and higher above the Martian surface, solar ultraviolet radiation splits methane molecules apart.

On Titan, where solar ultraviolet radiation is much weaker and oxygen - bearing molecules are substantially less abundant, methane can last 10 million to 100 million years (which is still a short time in geologic terms).

When Voyager 1 passed Titan in 1980, it couldn't see the surface of Saturn's largest moon: solar ultraviolet radiation drives reactions between nitrogen and methane molecules in its atmosphere that yield a thick, orange - brown gunk.

The first images from the Solar Ultraviolet Imager or SUVI instrument aboard NOAA's GOES - 16 satellite have been successful, capturing a large coronal hole on Jan. 29, 2017.

Comets are surrounded by a huge cloud of atomic hydrogen because water (H2O) vaporizes from the icy nucleus, and solar ultraviolet light breaks it apart into hydrogen and oxygen.

Hydrogen atoms scatter solar ultraviolet light, and it was this light that was imaged by the IUVS.

On Mars, it may have been made in the atmosphere by solar ultraviolet light or in the ice and soil by cosmic rays.

Chizek has run an atmospheric model that calculates how fast processes like solar ultraviolet irradiation will destroy methane on Mars.

However, Sagan and Christopher Chyba believe organic compounds, formed at high altitudes by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on methane and ammonia can provide an ultraviolet «shield» to protect the methane and ammonia in the lower atmosphere.

Others have objected that solar ultraviolet radiation would quickly break up any ammonia in the atmosphere.

Tholins aggregate into aerosols that settle slowly into the lower atmosphere, forming a thick layer that blocks solar ultraviolet and affects air circulation and the weather.

The leading candidates for triggers have been solar ultraviolet rays, lightning in thunderstorms, and superhot impact plumes from meteorites.

Boss and his colleagues have hypothesized that solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation could account for the stunted core, if gravitational instability is at play.

The Methods: Photochemical modeling by a Caltech team indicates that ethane, a hydrocarbon detected on Titan by both of the Voyager spacecraft and the European Infrared Space Observatory, is created when solar ultraviolet light breaks down methane, a minor component of Titan's nitrogen - rich atmosphere, into a stew of organic molecules that form a dense orange - brown smog.

Not exact matches

The sun can unleash solar storms and solar flares — bursts of X-rays and ultraviolet light — that heat Earth's outer atmosphere, causing the air to expand and rise.

It floods the nebula with ultraviolet light and blows out a mighty solar wind that's compressing the gas around it, forming the bubble shape of the overall cloud.

Recorded in extreme ultraviolet light, it covers a 230,000 - by - 77,000 kilometer area on the sun's surface and shows a one - million - degree solar plasma cooling down.

These fluctuations correspond neatly to the 11 - year solar cycle, in which the Sun's rotation gradually winds up its magnetic field into contorted coils, giving rise to flares and sunspots that emit ultraviolet and X-ray light.

Producing artificial aurorae has taught scientists unexpected lessons about how gases are ionized in the ionosphere, a process that helps protect Earth from harmful ultraviolet solar radiation.

In his research, Robin Ramstad has combined and compared measurements of the ion escape under varying solar wind conditions and levels of ionizing solar radiation, so - called extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation.

So when the solar system is traveling through that part of the galaxy, about every 62 million years, more cosmic rays hit Earth, causing direct radiation, increased ultraviolet rays and perhaps altered weather patterns.

With this unique patterning, the absorbers can be boosted to harvest more solar energy from the ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum,» said Masdar Institute postdoctoral researcher Dr. Jin You Lu, who is the paper's lead author along with MIT postdoctoral researcher Dr. Sang Hoon Nam.

These results are consistent with the idea that semiconducting carbon nanotubes are able to expand the light capture by plant materials to other parts of the solar spectrum such as the green, near infrared and ultraviolet.

REINING IN Magnetic structures keep coronal loops in check, as shown here in extreme ultraviolet light observed by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory just before a coronal mass ejection.

As our solar system slowly orbits around the galactic center, the sun's ultraviolet radiation carves out an egg - shaped region of ionized hydrogen atoms surrounded by neutral hydrogen gas.

This ultraviolet image of the sun was captured by the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), launched last February to monitor Earth's temperamental star with unprecedented precision.

A TANGLED SKEIN Splendid loops in the corona protrude from the sun's surface, seen in this 2014 ultraviolet image from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory.

But in standard solar cell materials this requires that incoming photons have at least 5 electron volts worth of energy, which corresponds to photons of deep ultraviolet light (UV).

Fluorinated photopolymers can enhance the stability of perovskite solar cells toward ultraviolet light and humidity.