While other species detected in space are formed by gas - phase chemistry alone, or by a combination of both gas and
solid - phase generation, methanol is a complex organic compound which is formed solely in the
ice phase via surface reactions on dust
grains.
In the colder outer areas of the disk, some substances that would otherwise be gaseous or liquid such as water and methane are available as
solid ices to agglomerate with the dust
grains.