Sentences with phrase «soot levels»

The rise in soot levels at Zuoqiupu follows a dip that followed the enacting of clean air regulations in Europe in the 1970s.

The standards will help individual states to reduce their smog and soot levels, prevent bad air days and improve public health and they include some flexibility for small businesses including «additional lead time for compliance.»

The researchers incorporated information on soot produced by burning fossil fuels, wood and other biofuels, along with that naturally produced by forest fires and then checked their model predictions against global measurements of soot levels in polar snow from Sweden to Alaska to Russia and in Antarctica as well as in nonpolar areas such as the Tibetan Plateau.

Cuts in South Asia can effectively reduce the soot level on the entire plateau, especially in the Himalayas.

Not exact matches

Fresno - Madera ranks as the metropolitan area with the highest exposure levels to particle pollution, or soot, in the country.

Earth System Threshold Measure Boundary Current Level Preindustrial Climate Change CO2 Concentration 350 ppm 387 ppm 280 ppm Biodiversity Loss Extinction Rate 10 pm > 100 pm * 0.1 - one pm Nitrogen Cycle N2 Tonnage 35 mmt ** 121 mmt 0 Phosphorous Cycle Level in Ocean 11 mmt 8.5 - 9.5 mmt — 1 mmt Ozone Layer O3 Concentration 276 DU # 283 DU 290 DU Ocean Acidification Aragonite ^ ^ Levels 2.75 2.90 3.44 Freshwater Usage Consumption 4,000 km3 ^ 2,600 km3 415 km3 Land Use Change Cropland Conversion 15 km3 11.7 km3 Low Aerosols Soot Concentration TBD TBD TBD Chemical Pollution TBD TBD TBD TBD * pm = per million ** mmt = millions of metric tons #DU = dobson unit ^ km3 = cubic kilometers ^ ^ Aragonite is a form of calcium carbonate.

And analyses of the soot detected high levels of metals such as titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, and nickel, which are released by the burning of coal.

For unknown reasons, the highest levels of soot occurred between 1906 and 1910, he notes.

The cleanest samples they collected were from northern Canada, with overall levels of black carbon, or soot, similar to that of Arctic snowpack.

Microscopic specks of soot, dirt, acid, and other pollutants are constantly being released into the atmosphere in metropolitan areas (cars, factories, construction sites, etc.), and when these particles come into contact with your skin, they penetrate deep into the layers of the epidermis, causing inflammation, dehydration, and reactions on the cellular level.

CI - 4 Plus Current - 2004 Used in conjunction with API C - 4, the» CI - 4 PLUS» designation identifies oils formulated to provide a higher level of protection against soot - related viscosity increase and viscosity loss due to shear in diesel engines.

A diesel particulate filter is used to reduce soot emissions: it cuts the already low level of untreated emissions further, by more than 90 percent.

Its soot - flecked glass reflects the bottom of a broad staircase, which drops down in right angles from an unseen upper story, splitting left and right at ground level.

When there are alternative explanations for arctic ice melt (historical writings that suggest natural periods of very rapid decline, ever - increasing levels of soot that can cause and accelerate melting), how can you be so certain that the cause is CO2 - induced?

These wildfires release soot into the atmosphere, which accelerates the rate of melting of glaciers, snow and ice it lands upon, which can lead to less reflectivity, meaning more of the sun's heat is absorbed, leading to more global warming, which leads to even more wildfires, not to mention greater sea level rise, which is already threatening coastal areas around the world.

the areas covered in the study included 116 American cities, with the highest levels of soot particles found in areas including the eastern suburbs of Los Angeles and the Central Valley of California; Birmingham, Ala.; Atlanta; the Ohio River Valley; and Pittsburgh.

Since, on average, aerosols have a cooling effect (although some absorbing aerosols like black carbon (soot) are actually adding to global warming), reducing current aerosol levels (particularly sulphates) is equivalent to an extra warming effect.

According to the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, the burning of coal is responsible for 70 percent of the emissions of soot that clouds out the sun in so much of China; 85 percent of sulfur dioxide, which causes acid rain and smog; and 67 percent of nitrogen oxide, a precursor to harmful ground level ozone.

I realize it isn't the same thing to have soot at eye level and injecting aerosols into the stratophere.

Other particles such as soot (black carbon) absorb the sunlight and drive temperature rise, leading to local warming of the atmosphere level where the soot particles circulate.

More than half of America's population lives in areas with unhealthy levels of smog and soot.

Different fuels lead to soot emissions with a different level of graphitization, which has an effect on morphologic properties as well as exhaust aftertreatment.

But billions in US investment to help India move ahead on ambitious targets for expanding its use of wind and solar power, as well as initiatives to clean up the dangerous levels of soot and smog, are very much on the cards.

So a new report, released in Nairobi, Kenya, by the United Nations Environment Program and the World Meteorological Organization, proposes a climate - change stopgap: controlling two noxious ground - level pollutants, black carbon (or soot) and ozone.

Instead of focusing on the atmospheric levels of the tiny, trace gas CO2, the U.S. should be helping the Asian countries with technology and science to conquer the soot menace.

Since a sustainable future based on the continued extraction of coal, oil and gas in the «business - as - usual mode» will not be possible because of both resource depletion and environmental damages (as caused, e.g., by dangerous sea level rise) we urge our societies to -LSB-...] Reduce the concentrations of warming air pollutants (dark soot, methane, lower atmosphere ozone, and hydrofluorocarbons) by as much as 50 % [and] cut the climate forcers that have short atmospheric lifetimes.

A steel greenhouse also illustrates how low level particulate pollution (especially black soot) has a greenhouse effect.

A 2010 study found that methane, ground - level ozone, and black carbon (i.e., soot) increase the global warming effect of carbon dioxide by 65 percent.

Twohy et al. (1989) concluded from measurements off the coast of California and from simple radiative calculations that the observed levels of soot would not lead to a significant impact on the cloud albedo.

The good news is that reducing soot may be easier than reducing carbon dioxide levels.

Scientific confidence of the occurrence of climate change include, for example, that over at least the last 50 years there have been increases in the atmospheric concentration of CO2; increased nitrogen and soot (black carbon) deposition; changes in the surface heat and moisture fluxes over land; increases in lower tropospheric and upper ocean temperatures and ocean heat content; the elevation of sea level; and a large decrease in summer Arctic sea ice coverage and a modest increase in Antarctic sea ice coverage.

I put to you that the reversal was volcanic ash and CO2 accumulating to the point where the high albedo of ice was finally overcome by a coating of dark volcanic soot and CO2 level in the 10,000 ppm range.

With that comes more black carbon air pollution from ships — soot to you and me — and, that means already disproportionately high levels of warming will increase and with those, more ice melting.

Whether man can have an effect on a global level is more moot although I would accept that high levels of emissions of soot can have such an effect.

Burning fossil fuels not only pollutes our air directly with irritants like particulate matter and soot, but as greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere and average temperatures rise, they also contribute to higher levels of ground - level ozone that can cause acute and long - term respiratory problems.