Sentences with phrase «soot which»

Heintzenberg and Wendisch (1996) showed that the decrease in radiative forcing due to a decrease in soot concentrations with increasing distances from the pollution sources could be compensated by a concurrent increase in the fraction of soot which is incorporated in the cloud droplets.

Human emissions are quite different in composition as some also contain brown / black soot which may absorb more sunlight and thus may have more a warming than a cooling effect (especially over India).

To be fair to Hansen, this is one where he was spot on correct — and I well remember one guy telling the dogmatists at realclimate.org that Hansen was actually correct and demonstrating this with satellite pics of soot which almost exactly matched the satellite temperature plots.

When burned, the paraffin is thought to release carcinogenic soot which can aggravate a number of respiratory issues like asthma, as well as heart issues.

Not exact matches

Air pollutants are the result of impurities in coal that, once burned, can become air - or water - borne hazards, including soot, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and mercury, all of which are regulated in the U.S..

One of the byproducts of the coal fires that people used to keep their homes warm was soot, which coated the walls.

Granted, there are more benefits to reducing particulate and greenhouse gas emissions than just climate change, i.e. PM 2.5 which can be stuck in the human lung and cause cancer / respiratory issues, SO2 which contributes to acid rain (we've already eliminated the majority of this problem), as well as soot (nobody wants the surrounding area covered in ash).

Burning scented candles produces soot, which can get trapped inside your baby's nostrils.

Local foods recommended for «curing» diarrhoea include dry bread mixed with soot; honey mixed with instant coffee powder; roasted niger seed - none of which is appropriate.

It remains too soon to tell exactly how this climate system will work under changed conditions and other environmental factors — such as whether the cooling effect of the soot generated by industry and burning forests outweighs the warming effect of greenhouse gases — which may play large roles.

The yellow color is due to radiating soot particles, which form when there is not enough oxygen to burn the fuel completely,» said Elaine Oran, Glenn L. Martin Institute Professor of Engineering and co-author of the paper.

This created a large amount of pressure, which in turn displaced the magnets that focus the protons, destroyed what needs to be a vacuum, damaged insulation, and contaminated the beams with soot — not exactly what we had been hoping for.

The research found that cutting soot and methane as described above produced an average temperature reduction of 0.16 degrees Celsius by 2050, which is substantially less than the 0.5 - degree reduction found in earlier studies.

The soot produced by burning fossil fuels has a stronger warming effect because it contains a higher ratio of black carbon to sulfate, which reflects sunlight to produce a cooling effect.

Therefore, these areas contained a high amount of organic matter, part of which became soot from the heat of the asteroid's impact.

The primary culprit seems to be the black carbon in soot, which soaks up any sunlight it can, thereby warming whatever it touches.

Soot particles, also known as black carbon aerosols, affect climate by absorbing sunlight, which warms the surrounding air and limits the amount of solar radiation that reaches the ground.

But the two men's estimates of soot's impact are about twice as high as the consensus reached by the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in its 2007 report, which many scientists (including Shindell) still endorse.

In May the eight - nation Arctic Council, which includes the United States, vowed to clamp down on soot.

Soot, which climatologists call black carbon, emanates from diesel engines, power plants, the clearing of forests or burning of fields, and open cookstoves common in developing countries.

The new study, which reports adjusted dates for radiocarbon analyses (which can be substantially older than unadjusted radiocarbon dates), looked at more than 250 samples of charcoal, animal bones, and even soot smudges left on the cave's walls by torches.

And analyses of the soot detected high levels of metals such as titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, and nickel, which are released by the burning of coal.

Continuing widespread use of coal and low - grade diesel fuel, which also produce fine particles of soot, leaves China's record as the world's largest single source of man - made greenhouse gas emissions unchallenged.

Diesel combustion in vehicles or coal in power plants creates soot particles, which also contribute to global warming, albeit only briefly as they disappear quickly from the atmosphere.

Even when additional reduction measures are implemented against black carbon, or soot, which is released when fossil fuels are burned, they do little to slow down global warming in a 2 degrees scenario.

Most of these are derived from studying the modern atmosphere, which is heavily polluted with aerosols such as airborne soot.

Then in 1991, while studying the unique atomic structures called buckyballs, which are created by electrically charging carbon soot, Sumio Iijima of Meijo University in Nagoya, Japan, discovered the first nanotubes — fantastically strong cylindrical carbon - atom constructions less than two nanometers wide and of varying lengths.

A thick cloud of soot covers most of India, produced in part by millions of small cooking stoves, which typically burn wood.

Both sets of tattoos — which consist of a carbon - based pigment, possibly soot — may have symbolized power, social status or knowledge of cult activities, but their precise meanings are unclear.

A leader in this quest is German - based automaker DaimlerChrysler, which recently introduced BLUETEC technology — a modular exhaust treatment system that cuts nitrogen oxide and soot output significantly, enabling cars to meet the most stringent U.S. emission standards.

The chemists are now searching for a suitable solvent with which to separate the metcars from the bulk of the soot.

The soot from these fires and from automobiles and buses in the ever more crowded cities rises into the atmosphere and drifts out over the Indian Ocean, changing the atmospheric dynamics upon which the monsoons depend.

Aerosols (soot) keep much of the sun's energy from reaching the surface, which means the monsoon doesn't get going with the same force and takes longer to gather up a head of steam.

In the audience were researchers from the Finnish Meteorological Institute, which happens to have the longest continuous record of atmospheric Arctic soot.

The jist of this is that we must NOT suddenly switch off carbon / sulphur producing industries over the planet but instead we must first dramatically reduce CO2 emissions from every conceivable source, then gradually tackle coal / fossil fuel sources to smoothly remove the soot from the air to prevent a sudden leap in average global temps which if it is indeed 2.75 C as the UNEP predicts will permanently destroy the climates ability to regulate itself and lead to catastrophic changes on the land and sea.

Aerosols are solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere, consisting of (in rough order of abundance): sea salt, mineral dust, inorganic salts such as ammonium sulfate (which has natural as well as anthropogenic sources from e.g. coal burning), and carbonaceous aerosol such as soot, plant emissions, and incompletely combusted fossil fuel.

Researchers determined which areas around the plateau contributed the most soot - and where.

«Using computer modeling he developed over 20 years, Jacobson has found that carbonaceous fuel soot emissions (which lead to respiratory illness, heart disease and asthma) have resulted in 1.5 million premature deaths each year, mostly in the developing world where wood and animal dung are used for cooking.

The process also creates tiny bits of soot, called black carbon, and traces of harmful substances, known as brown carbon, which together cause more global warming per unit weight than other human - associated carbon sources.

Many Norwegians have already replaced their old woodstoves with newer and cleaner - burning stoves, which has more than halved soot emissions since the early 2000s.

Both Bralower and Gulick pointed to a recent paper in Geophysical Research Letters — they are listed as participants or third - party scientists — which contends that the asteroid released killer amounts not of soot, but of gas.

Increase of Earth's energy imbalance from reduction of particulate air pollution, which is needed for the sake of human health, can be minimized via an emphasis on reducing absorbing black soot [75], but the potential to constrain the net increase of climate forcing by focusing on black soot is limited [76].

RICHLAND, Wash. — Using a climate model that can tag sources of soot from different global regions and can track where it lands on the Tibetan Plateau, researchers have determined which areas around the plateau contribute the most soot — and where.

The work, which appeared in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics in June, shows that soot pollution on and above the Himalayan - Tibetan Plateau area warms the region enough to contribute to earlier snowmelt and shrinking glaciers.

This soot included extra-terrestrial materials from the asteroid, but also 75,000 million tons of soot and charcoal, which could only come from burning everything on the surface of the planet.

Beyond the rapidly decreasing fossil energy, its misuse e.g. in the worn diesel engines produce (mainly in the developing countries) million tons of very fine soot, which, by inhalation, may cause lung cancer.

There, the soot would absorb solar heat and rise like a hot - air balloon, reaching heights from which it would not easily settle back to the ground.

There is also evidence for much larger molecules such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which resemble the soot from automobile emission.

It's a Diesel, which means that you usually have a high detergent oil in an engine that dumps combustion by - products like soot into the oil as part of its normal operation.

The asymmetrical, unidirectional tread pattern consists of two elements: a central deep - groove, wet - weather section made of 100 percent soot - colored silicate and a soft, slick - type outer edge and shoulder, which feels like sponge rubber but lasts a lot longer.