This enables a result for specific
space heat demand to be calculated quickly using default values, potentially saving significant time.
Location: Cameron Close, Freshwater, Isle of Wight Completion date: August 2015 Budget: Total scheme costs circa # 4.9 m Passive house certification: Part certified with remainder pending
Space heating demand (PHPP): 14.4 kWh / m2 / yr Heat load (PHPP): 9 W / m2 Primary energy demand (PHPP): 98 kWh / m2 / yr Environmental assessment method: Code for Sustainable Homes level 3 Airtightness (at 50 Pascals): 0.48 ACH Energy performance certificate (EPC): B 84 - 88 Thermal bridging: Details developed to minimise thermal bridging, concentrating on critical junctions and window installations.
A thermal model of the building was created early in the project, allowing the design to be tested and modified to make sure it would meet the desired passive house target
space heating demand of 15kWh / m2 per annum.
For instance they make different assumptions about thermal comfort levels, and this profoundly effects the assumptions about
space heating demand.
Analysis by Wain Morehead Architects has shown that
the space heating demand of a West Cork - based passive house designed by the firm rises from 11.5 kWh / m2 / yr to over 19.5 kWh / m2 / yr when moved to Donegal
For instance, ground source heat pumps tend to have higher efficiencies than air source units during the heating season due to the relative stability of ground temperatures below certain depths, though air source units — which involve much lower capital costs — have closed the gap in recent years as manufacturers have refined their design, and there is evidence to indicate that
space heating demand in many Irish buildings may be peaking in Ireland's frequently relatively mild but windy weather, as the guide to air source heat pumps in Issue 24 of Passive House Plus discussed.
All other things being equal, this means the same house would have a 35 % higher assumed
space heating demand in the UK than in Ireland.)
Architect John Morehead has shown how the West Cork passive house featured in this issue sees
its space heating demand go from under 11.5 kWh / m2 / yr to over 19.5 kWh / m2 / yr when moved to Donegal.
And in this case it seems to have delivered: a broad brushstroke analysis kindly provided by Nick Grant for this article shows that when re-calculated using the new PHPP, the Beehive's
space heating demand dropped to 20 kWh / m2 / yr, comfortably inside the Enerphit target of 25, while the building appears to have avoided exceeding the overheating target (not to exceed 25C internally more than 10 % of the time) by the skin of its teeth.
While the results of ongoing monitoring were unavailable for this article, a quick analysis by Passive House Plus suggests that a typical 43.7 sqm apartment at Rochestown House would be using just under 1100 kWh of energy for space heating annually, based on the calculated
space heating demand of 25 kWh / m2 / yr.
At Rochestown House, the calculated
space heating demand of 25 kWh / m2 / yr is accompanied with a domestic hot water demand of 32 kWh / m2 / yr.
Actual build cost # 1,022 per sqm excluding preliminaries, externals and fees Passive house certification: Certified
Space heating demand (PHPP): 14 kWh / m2 / yr Heat load (PHPP): 9 W / m2 Primary energy demand (PHPP): 108 kWh / m2 / yr Environmental assessment method: Code for Sustainable Homes Level 4 Other standards & awards: The houses also deliver against the Homes and Communities Agency's housing quality indicators, while complying with the Joseph Rowntree Lifetime Homes standard and achieving 14 points under CABE's Building for Life standard.
Energy use for 2013 shows an actual
space heating demand of 27 kWh / m2 / yr, compared with 24 kWh / m2 / yr as modelled — both values based on the PHPP floor area of 125sqm.
Galway Completion date: January 2014 Budget: confidential Passive house certification: n /
a Space heating demand (PHPP): n / a Heat load (PHPP): n / a Primary energy demand (PHPP): n / a Airtightness (at 50 Pascals): 0.56 ACH at 50 Pa or 0.61 m3 / m2 / hr at 50 Pa Energy performance certificate (EPC): pending Carbon performance coefficient (CPC): pending BER: pending Thermal bridging: Armatherm bolt - through structural thermal breaks were used on the cantilevered steel balcony.
The building achieved an airtightness result of 0.43 ACH, comfortably within the target for passive buildings, and has
a space heating demand of 15 kWh / m2 / yr.
Building type: 1950s solid wall brick house, east - west orientation, detached (91sqm extended to 125sqm) Location: Nottingham Budget: Approx # 200k including extensions, full refurbishment, full and internal fit - out, garage rebuild, landscaping
Space heating demand Before: 458 kWh / m2 / yr according to EPC at time of purchase After: 24kWh / m2 / yr (PHPP) Heat load Before: not known After: 10 W / m2 Primary energy demand (PHPP) Before: not known After: 81 kWh / m2 / yr Primary energy demand (measured) Before: 330 kWh / m2 / yr After: 81 kWh / m2 / yr Energy performance certificate (EPC) Before: E 39 After: B90 (predicting space and water heating total of over 13,000 kWh / yr compared with actual value of 5,345 kWh in 2013) Measured total energy consumption Before: 275 kWh / m2 / yr (Apr 2010 - Mar 2011) After: 56 kWh / m2 / yr (Jan - Dec 2013), not including PV use or generation.
The Annual Heating Worksheet gives
the space heating demand (kWh / m2a) using annual climate data and also includes a heat balance graph.
Not exact matches
To reduce the
demand for storage
space, a sustainable nuclear fuel cycle would separate the short - lived, high -
heat - producing fission products, particularly cesium 137 and strontium 90.
Some of those elements include: - Light - colored roofing that reflects
heat and saves energy; - 70 percent ENERGY STAR ® certified appliances including refrigerators, TVs, computers and kitchen equipment; - Water - efficient toilets and aerated bathroom faucets; - 10 percent of the building materials used contain recycled content; - «On
Demand» ventilation that provides fresh air for occupied
spaces without wasting energy on unoccupied areas of the property; - LED lighting - controls that turn off the lights; - Incorporates high - tech daylight sensors to reduce electrical lighting with natural sunlight and - Uses renewable energy sources such as solar or wind.
The Lancey electric
space heater allows users to charge its battery during off - peak hours and use the electricity for
heating during peak
demand periods.
Colder winter weather means more natural gas consumption for
space heating, and warmer summer weather leads to increased consumption in the power sector with increasing
demand for air conditioning.
The
Space Heating Energy Demand is not to exceed 15 kWh per square meter of net living space (treated floor area) per year or 10 W per square meter peak de
Space Heating Energy
Demand is not to exceed 15 kWh per square meter of net living space (treated floor area) per year or 10 W per square meter peak d
Demand is not to exceed 15 kWh per square meter of net living
space (treated floor area) per year or 10 W per square meter peak de
space (treated floor area) per year or 10 W per square meter peak
demanddemand.
But over 75 % of the global potential in
demand - side response lies in buildings, with
space heating, water
heating and air conditioning loads contributing the most.
Mild weather could dampen natural gas
demand for
space heating and affect storage withdrawals.
Due to an increase in
demand for natural gas for
space and water
heating, and limitations imposed by natural gas pipeline constraints, electricity generation from gas was unable to scale up, and the burden was transferred to oil as dual fuel generators switched over.
It also analyzes the implications for long - term natural gas
demand if a transition to electric
space heating systems is made.
However, with so much solar and wind — what purists claim are the only «real» renewable energies — now coming online, can CHP projects find a stable
space to provide a cleaner baseload power while simultaneously reducing
demand for electrically generated
heat?
Prof Nick Eyre highlighted that in the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report, mitigation efforts to reduce energy
demand made up 50 % of decarbonisation pathways, with a focus on energy efficiency and the electrification of transport and
space heating using existing and emerging technologies.
This means that the building fabric must achieve required levels of thermal insulation and airtightness, among other factors, to ensure a maximum
space heating and cooling energy
demand isn't exceeded.
Turkey's industrial energy consumption could be reduced by 24 per cent and energy
demand for residential
space heating by over 40 per cent, at little or no extra cost.
District
heating — centralized
heating systems and distribution of generated
heat to the buildings of a defined community, through a network of buried piped, to satisfy the
demand for
space and water
heating.
On
demand hot water systems are designed to take very little
space, and to
heat water at time of
demand, only when the hot water tap is on.
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Demand, Fitness on
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