NASA has spurred much of the development of private
spaceflight efforts through the Commercial Crew Program (CCP), an acronym - heavy outreach program that has boosted vehicle development programs at SpaceX, Boeing, Orbital ATK, and Sierra Nevada Corporation to the tune of more than $ 8 billion.
On Feb. 2, NASA also announced $ 50 million in awards to support the commercial
spaceflight efforts of five other companies.
Shielding of spacecraft and surface laboratories on the Moon and Mars would be a critical component for any such human
spaceflight effort.
Not exact matches
A stark acknowledgment of a mismatch between goals and budget realities came in February, when, after vehemently vowing not to take «one thin dime» from NASA's space - science
efforts to fund human
spaceflight, Griffin announced he was doing just that.
So even after the Challenger disaster, Feynman's savaging of the program, its long slide into lameness, and its embarrassing hogging of the
spaceflight spotlight, why couldn't anyone stand up to the shuttle and admit it was a noble
effort that just didn't work out?
Absent a serious
effort by the Chinese, Launius doesn't think too many American leaders will be too concerned about increasing American funding for human
spaceflight.
Britain has a long - standing policy of avoiding any programs of the European Space Agency that involve human
spaceflight, focusing its
efforts on robotic science missions, earth observation, and the commercial exploitation of space.
The private
spaceflight company SpaceX, founded by another Internet billionaire, Elon Musk, has made two
efforts to set down a rocket on a landing pad after flight.
The three Penn study authors are also participating with Cognition in a NASA
effort reported earlier this year to study the molecular, physiological and psychological effects of
spaceflight on the human body by comparing identical twins, evidencing the need for a comprehensive cognitive test battery for
spaceflight.
Beginning in the early days of the Space Age - well before the advent of manned
spaceflight - the United States, followed soon by other nations, undertook an ambitious
effort to study the planets of the solar system.
Shear agreed to contribute to
SpaceFlight Insider's
efforts so that he could provide extra insight into interplanetary missions, both past and present.
Viewing a lack of direction in the U.S. human
spaceflight program, the Mars Society launched the International Gemini Mars Design Competition in August 2015 in an
effort to provide focus and encourage a serious humans - to - Mars initiative.