Sentences with phrase «spatial average»

A significant source of inhomogeneity in spatial averages computed from these analyses arises from spurious changes in the climatology as the mean location of the network changes over time.
Despite the complexity of global food supply, here we show that simple measures of growing season temperatures and precipitation — spatial averages based on the locations of each crop — explain ~ 30 % or more of year - to - year variations in global average yields for the world's six most widely grown crops.
We posit that these characteristics are the result of demonstrable differences between corresponding topographical datasets used in the gridded observations and CRCM, the resulting errors propagated to physical variables tied to elevation and the beneficial effect of subsequent spatial averaging.
ACORN's 112 stations are located strategically around Australia to represent an accurate spatial average of Australia's national temperature, accounting for numerous factors such as historic location shifts, equipment changes, UHI, etc..
The level of the standard was to be compared to measurements made at sites that represent «community - wide air quality» recording the highest level, or, if specific requirements were satisfied, to average measurements from multiple community - wide air quality monitoring sites («spatial averaging»).
Despite the fact that there are differences between these three ocean heat content estimates due to the data used, quality control applied, instrumental biases, temporal and spatial averaging and analysis methods (Appendix 5.
«Because this emissions scales as T ^ 4, it can be demonstrated that the spatial average of the local equilibrium temperature (Eq.
Despite the fact that there are differences between these three ocean heat content estimates due to the data used, quality control applied, instrumental biases, temporal and spatial averaging and analysis methods (Appendix 5.
The earth is only so large, so the spatial averaging uncertainty reduction that I get is the same, whether for the 1 - year scale or the 30 - year scale.
Spatial averaging was undertaken using the same pixels used for the operational data.
Spatial averaging of satellite metrics (Figure 2A, S1) was performed using the original operational data from the greater Caribbean pixels containing, or nearest to, coral reef locations within the region [100W - 55W, 5N - 35N].
We found significant changes in the spatial distributions of temperature predictability in the present and future climate compared to the pre-industrial climate, although the spatial average changes for North America were rather small -LRB-
We found significant changes in the spatial distributions of temperature predictability in the present and future climate compared to the preindustrial climate, although the spatial average changes for North America were rather small -LRB-
Because topographical input is often discordant between simulations and gridded observations, it is argued that a limited form of spatial averaging may contribute added value beyond that which has already been noted in previous studies with respect to small - scale climate variability.
The overlines indicate time averages, the dashes denote departures from time averages, the curly brackets indicate a vertical integral over the entire atmosphere, and the angled brackets represent a spatial average over either the ITCZ or the descent region.
Particularly the spatial averaging approach adopted might reasonably be expected to deliver a better treatment of sparse early data, and so perhaps a better — and rather cooler — estimate of 19th century temperatures.
So the longer the averaging time - period and the wider the spatial average, the smaller the weather noise and the greater chance to detect any particular signal.
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