Sentences with phrase «spatial coverage»

This however only addresses the error due to incomplete spatial coverage of measurements.
So although it offers the opportunity to collect a continuous time series, it's unlikely to offer broad spatial coverage.
Because of their large spatial coverage, satellite data have proven useful in evaluating dust sources, transport and deposition in global models.
These use instruments to measure radiance from Earth to determine temperature, and they tend to have quite good spatial coverage of the planet (excluding some high - latitude regions).
«Towed instruments provide great spatial coverage.
Uncertainties arise primarily from the incomplete spatial coverage of historical weather observations, from noise in measurement devices, and from biases introduced due to systematic changes in measurement technologies and methods.
All model and observed data have same spatial coverage as HadCRUT4.
Compared to most datasets of this type (e.g., Jones 1994), this initial release of GHCN was larger and had more detailed spatial coverage
Current spatial coverage, temporal resolution and age control of available Holocene proxy data limit the ability to determine if there were multi-decadal periods of global warmth comparable to the last half of 20th century.
When looking at real data, one needs to be aware of one pitfall: unlike the ideal example shown at the outset, real tide gauge data contain spurious sampling noise due to inadequate spatial coverage, so it is not trivial to derive rates of rise.
The reason for not using the radiosondes directly is that they have rather spotty spatial coverage.
Since 1900, the change in spatial coverage does not seem to have affected land records significantly.2 Before then, however, even careful analysis may lead to long - term averages that are either too warm or too cold by up to 0.1 C. 1 Records may be affected by changes in the way observations are made.
The processing of these observations is straightforward, but large gaps in spatial coverage compromise the reliability of global averages, and changes in instrumentation can give rise to spurious trends.
So basically they argued that the late record was biased because of different spatial coverage and different altitudes.
To make use of that potential we would need good estimates of sea ice thickness, such as might be obtained from ICESat or CryoSat (i.e., complete spatial coverage).
• the uneven and, in some places, sparse spatial coverage of radiosonde observations and, to a lesser extent, surface observations; and
Although representing a much more restricted spatial coverage than the other series, the last of these (also processed to maintain low - frequency climate information) is included here because of its extended length and because it suggests relatively cooler summer temperatures (at least across northern Eurasia) before A.D. 1000.
Although the radiosonde record lacks the dense spatial coverage from satellites, it does extend back to 1957, a period that includes the recent rapid rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration.
New water vapor data sets have been constructed during the last several years from a combination of satellite remote - sensing methods and direct observations to achieve improved spatial coverage and vertical resolution.
A good idea is to take the same points on the globe that are used for a real proxy reconstruction — then you can test, e.g., how good this particular spatial coverage is for capturing the hemispheric mean.
The analysis is limited to the period since 1880 because of poor spatial coverage of stations and decreasing data quality prior to that time.
This period provides the best spatial coverage of homogenous daily series, which can be used for calculating the proportion of global land area exhibiting a significant change in extreme or severe weather.
For example, satellite - derived estimates based on thermal infrared measurements (e.g. Comiso 2000; Kwok and Comiso 2002; Schneider et al. 2004) provide broad spatial coverage, but depend on effective cloud masking, and provide at best a clear - sky dataset that is generally cold biased.
«With InSAR, we have access to much larger spatial coverage,» said Chaussard, who has been expanding the use of InSAR to measure water resources and now ground deformation that occurs between earthquakes.
Although water storage and soil moisture are difficult to observe with sufficient spatial coverage, observational reconstructions of land hydrological variables and fire cycles (Maurer et al. 2002; van den Dool et al. 2003; Fan and van den Dool 2004; Littell et al. 2009; Wada et al. 2010) may still provide useful information to determine potential longer - term predictabilities.
Last year, an analysis conducted by the UK Met Office demonstrated that the disagreement amongst groups arose primarily from the differences in spatial coverage, especially the inclusion or exclusion of polar regions.
The improved density and spatial coverage of monitoring systems coupled with round - the - clock weather news makes extreme weather seem much more common today than it was perceived to be, say, in the 1970s.
«The unique advantage of satellite data is spatial coverage,» said Bryan Duncan, an atmospheric scientist at Goddard.
Moreover, few of the sondes are in the inner tropics, spatial coverage is spotty, and there are questions of instrumental and diurnal sampling errors that may have complicated detection of the trend in the past decade.
But the bias uncertainty is smaller than the errors which are not persistent in time (e.g. due to incomplete spatial coverage), so I don't think accounting for this would make much difference, as Victor suggests.
As Willis et al states, the errors due to spatial coverage (rather than variability) are more important.
The fossil record lacks the spatial coverage to determine the full geographic extent of those zones.
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