Sentences with phrase «spatial variation in»

Loranty MM, Lieberman - Cribbin W, Berner LT, Natali SM, Goetz SJ, Alexander HD, Kholodov AL (2016) Spatial variation in vegetation productivity trends, fire disturbance, and soil carbon across arctic - boreal permafrost ecosystems.

However, the large spatial variation in this relationship is logical, based on factors related to topography and atmospheric circulation.

In particular, I think it would be interesting to use a complex atmospheric chemistry component to allow for spatial variation in the forcing reduction through sulphate aerosols: increase the aerosol optical depth over one source country, for example, and let it disperse over time.

Such spatial variation in tree mortality raises a number of questions.

Over the generally - recognised ARGO period (2004/2005 to present) spatial variation in subsurface ocean temperature change has been huge, as evidenced by altimeter SLR trend maps.

To assess these implications, we translate global into local SLR projections using a model of spatial variation in sea - level contributions caused by isostatic deformation and changes in gravity as the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets lose mass (36 ⇓ — 38), represented as two global 0.5 ° matrices of scalar adjustment factors to the ice sheets» respective median global contributions to SLR and (squared) to their variances.

Substantial spatial variation in rates of sea level change is also inferred from hydrographic observations.

Also remember that when we talk about the global C sink, this is an aggregation of large spatial variation in regional sinks.

``... the ecological and conservation significance of these kill tallies is difficult to contextualise, because (1) there are no reliable estimates of the total population of birds in Australia; (2) predation may fall disproportionately on some bird species; (3) some bird species may be able to sustain high mortality rates and maintain viable populations but others may not; and (4) as demonstrated here, there is substantial spatial variation in the numbers and proportion of birds killed across Australia.»

His main research interests is the study of microbial diversity, specifically of protists, in the marine environment, both in terms of a description of the taxonomic composition of these assemblages as well as understanding their patterns of temporal and spatial variation in the environment.

where S (x) are spatial random effects that account for spatial variation in podoconiosis prevalence between villages, not explained by the predictors, and Z (x) are unstructured random effects, also known as «nugget effect», which capture extra-binomial variation within villages.

There was significant spatial variation in rates.

The automated confocal micro-extensometer (ACME)-- developed by a team of researchers in Europe and the US — allows scientists to measure spatial variation in the mechanical properties of plant cells with unprecedented accuracy.

These observations of spatial variation in relation to the terrain features are likely driven in part by changes in ocean bottom current speeds produced by the hilly terrain; this causes changes in the settling and drifting of marine snow.

But the real surprise was the dramatic spatial variation in the field, which was significantly higher than expected in some locations, and markedly lower in others.

Spatial variation in the earthquake's rupture controlled both the strength of shaking and the size of the tsunami that followed.

Krysia Lynch, Chair Krysia Lynch started her working life as a researcher in environmental health and epidemiology; researching spatial variations in disease incidence and health provision.

«Their pattern reflects spatial variations in the icy shell, consistent with a variety of geological features visible in Cassini images.»

Using scanning capacitance microscopy with a Park Systems atomic force microscope a team at NASA successfully characterized both the spatial variations in capacitance as...

Why there is such a nonlinearity in the abrupt4xCO2 runs is interesting, and as the papers cited suggest it is likely related to spatial variations in the feedbacks combined differences in response times (particularly the southern ocean).

Most studies have adopted incremental scenarios of constant changes throughout the year (e.g., Terjung et al., 1984; Rosenzweig et al., 1996), but some have introduced seasonal and spatial variations in the changes (e.g., Whetton et al., 1993; Rosenthal et al., 1995) and others have examined arbitrary changes in interannual, within - month and diurnal variability as well as changes in the mean (e.g., Williams et al., 1988; Mearns et al., 1992; Semenov and Porter, 1995; Mearns et al., 1996).

This preserves the spatial variations in annual mean.

Here, we present an explanation for time - invariant land — sea warming ratio that applies if three conditions on radiative forcing are met: first, spatial variations in the climate forcing must be sufficiently small that the lower free troposphere warms evenly over land and ocean; second, the temperature response must not be large enough to change the global circulation to zeroth order; third, the temperature response must not be large enough to modify the boundary layer amplification mechanisms that contribute to making φ exceed unity.

Not exact matches

Small variations in the field strength produce highly differentiated signals that can be used to collect spatial information.

Strong spatial variation of rupture characteristics in the moment magnitude (Mw) 9.0 Tohoku - Oki megathrust earthquake controlled both the strength of shaking and the size of the tsunami that followed.

The Cell Atlas reveals that approximately half of all proteins localize to multiple compartments and that many proteins show cell - to - cell variation in terms of protein abundance or spatial distribution.

Emerging evidence for variability in the coral calcification response to acidification, geographical variation in bleaching susceptibility and recovery, responses to past climate change, and potential rates of adaptation to rapid warming supports an alternative scenario in which reef degradation occurs with greater temporal and spatial heterogeneity than current projections suggest.

The study found that IRT demonstrated potential in evaluating office ergonomics and that spatial variation of upper back skin temperature was a promising measure in ergonomic assessments.

Gustafsson and graduate student Hesper Rego had achieved higher - resolution SIM with a variation called saturated depletion non-linear SIM, but that method trades improvements in spatial resolution for harsher conditions and a loss of speed.

Sampling song from males at high and low elevations from two different mountains allowed us to (i) assess the presence of any differences in song structure at different elevations and (ii) consider the potential mechanism generating variation or song dialects on a small spatial scale.

Large spatial variations were prevalent in the intensity of MHWs (Fig. 1d).

The records document that the Laschamp Excursion was characterized locally by (1) declination changes of ± 120 °, (2) inclination changes of more than 140 °, (3) ~ 1200 - year oscillations in both inclination and declination, (4) near 90 ° out - of - phase relationships between inclinations and declinations that produced two clockwise loops in directions and virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) followed by a counterclockwise loop, (5) excursional VGPs during both intervals of clockwise looping, (6) magnetic field intensities less than 10 % of normal that persisted for almost 2000 years, (7) marked similarity in excursional directions over ~ 5000 km spatial scale length, and (8) secular variation rates comparable to historic field behavior but persisting in sign for hundreds of years.

The divergence between fungal and bacterial communities in seasonal and spatial variations of wastewater treatment plants — Ziyan Wei — Science of The Total Environment

SCVs within an immunofluorescence image are annotated as intensity (variation in their expression level), or as spatial (variation in the spatial distribution).

Sex - ratio variation and spatial distribution of nuclear and cytoplasmic sex - determining genes in gynodioecious Thymus praecox across altitudinal gradients.

However some technical challenges still need to be taken to make the technology more accessible and usable to its full potential: gaining selective and comprehensive genetic access to the neurons of interest, controlling variation in the expression of the optogenetic tools (when using viruses) and its precise localization (axon vs. presynaptic terminals), tailoring light - delivery system signals to individual cells in a population rather than the population as a whole, developing observation techniques which have the same spatial and temporal resolution as those tools... to cite only a few of them.

His research concerns understanding global climate and its variations using observations and covers the quasi biennial oscillation, Pacific decadal oscillation and the annular modes of the Arctic oscillation and the Antarctic oscillation, and the dominant spatial patterns in month - to - month and year - to - year climate variability, including the one through which El Niño phenomenon in the tropical Pacific influences climate over North America.

The team observed that approximately 15 percent of the proteins exhibited single - cell variation: In a tissue that looked superficially uniform, some cells might differ from their neighbors in the amount or spatial distribution of the proteins they expressed, when one would expect them to be the samIn a tissue that looked superficially uniform, some cells might differ from their neighbors in the amount or spatial distribution of the proteins they expressed, when one would expect them to be the samin the amount or spatial distribution of the proteins they expressed, when one would expect them to be the same.

We first demonstrate less variability of global Pearson correlations with respect to the two chosen networks using a sliding - window approach during WM task compared to rest; then we show that the macroscopic decrease in variations in correlations during a WM task is also well characterized by the combined effect of a reduced number of dominant CAPs, increased spatial consistency across CAPs, and increased fractional contributions of a few dominant CAPs.

Spatial and temporal variation of surface temperature on the Antarctic Peninsula and the limit of viability of ice shelves, in Antarctic Peninsula climate variability: historical and palaeoenvironmental perspectives, E.W. Domack, et al., Editors.

Based on the spatially - resolved $ Spitzer $ / IRS maps, we examine spatial variations of the PAH properties in detail.

Lauren uses poison frogs as a model for understanding how variation in predation and spatial structure of the environment has driven the evolution of chemical defences and parental behaviors.

STAFF is capable of detecting rapid variations in magnetic fields, which means that very small spatial structures can be recognised within the plasma.

For documenta XIII (2012) Sehgal orchestrated This Variation, an immersive piece that places viewers in a nearly dark gallery among some 20 performers who sing, dance, clap, hum and talk, creating «an electrifying aural - spatial experience of pure, unencumbered imagination in action».

The shape of the landscape (the details of mountains, coastline etc.) used in the models reflect the spatial resolution, hence the model will not have sufficient detail to describe local climate variation associated with local geographical features (e.g. mountains, valleys, lakes, etc.).

Natural variations of the amplitude and spatial pattern of ENSO are so large that confidence in any projected change for the 21st century remains low.

He claims that this can be corrected for, but he still isn't using the proper null — in M&N they show the results from the ensemble means (of the GISS model and the full AR4 model set), but seem to be completely ignorant of the fact that ensemble mean results remove the spatial variations associated with internal variability which should be the exact thing you would use!

See e.g. this review paper (Schmidt et al, 2004), where the response of a climate model to estimated past changes in natural forcing due to solar irradiance variations and explosive volcanic eruptions, is shown to match the spatial pattern of reconstructed temperature changes during the «Little Ice Age» (which includes enhanced cooling in certain regions such as Europe).

-- There are large variations in pH on a small spatial and temporal scale.

Sciencecodex: A recent study indicated that the urbanization in eastern China has significant impact on the observed surface warming and the temporal - spatial variations of urbanization effect have been comprehensively detected.