Sentences with phrase «spatial variation on»

Not exact matches

If the ring represents a real spatial structure, then it has to be seen nearly face - on because of the small variations of GRB distances around the object's centre.

The team has designed these nanomotors to move using the spatial variations of the concentrations of chemical species that they produce themselves by means of chemical reactions on their surfaces.

Sampling song from males at high and low elevations from two different mountains allowed us to (i) assess the presence of any differences in song structure at different elevations and (ii) consider the potential mechanism generating variation or song dialects on a small spatial scale.

Ultimately, MICHI on the TMT will be able to measure the spatial variation of SO2 on Io both meridionally (with latitude) and zonally (with longitude), but critically as a function of local time and during Jupiter eclipses that are both strong functions of frost sublimation, and will allow us to determination of how much of Io's atmosphere is supported purely by sublimation and how much by volcanic activity.

Monitoring, understanding, and predicting oceanic variations associated with natural climate variability and human - induced changes, and assessing the related roles of the ocean on multiple spatial - temporal scales.

The team hopes that monitoring Io's surface annually will reveal the style of volcanic eruptions on the moon, constrain the composition of the magma, and accurately map the spatial distribution of the heat flow and potential variations over time.

Spatial and temporal variation of surface temperature on the Antarctic Peninsula and the limit of viability of ice shelves, in Antarctic Peninsula climate variability: historical and palaeoenvironmental perspectives, E.W. Domack, et al., Editors.

Based on the spatially - resolved $ Spitzer $ / IRS maps, we examine spatial variations of the PAH properties in detail.

It is essential to carry out continuous measurement of planetary atmosphere, such as the Jovian infrared aurora and the volcanoes on Jovian satellite Io, to understand its time and spatial variations.

``... the ecological and conservation significance of these kill tallies is difficult to contextualise, because (1) there are no reliable estimates of the total population of birds in Australia; (2) predation may fall disproportionately on some bird species; (3) some bird species may be able to sustain high mortality rates and maintain viable populations but others may not; and (4) as demonstrated here, there is substantial spatial variation in the numbers and proportion of birds killed across Australia.»

But when optical thickness gets to a significant value (such that the overall spatial temperature variation occurs on a spatial scale comparable to a unit of optical thickness), each successive increment tends to have a smaller effect — when optical thickness is very large relative to the spatial scale of temperature variation, the flux at some location approaches the blackbody value for the temperature at that location, because the distances photons can travel from where they are emitted becomes so small that everything «within view» becomes nearly isothermal.

-- There are large variations in pH on a small spatial and temporal scale.

Sciencecodex: A recent study indicated that the urbanization in eastern China has significant impact on the observed surface warming and the temporal - spatial variations of urbanization effect have been comprehensively detected.

If, on the other hand, you accept Mann (2008), end your special pleading and accept Mann (2009) as our best current indication of the spatial variation of MWP warmth.

Using new remote sensing methods to generate an updated glacier inventory for the Karakoram region of Asia — which is part of the Hindu Kush - Karakoram - Himalaya mountain range located between the borders of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and China — Rankl et al. (2014) developed what they describe as «a new comprehensive dataset on the state of advancing, stable and retreating glaciers, including the temporal and spatial variations of frontal positions between 1976 and 2012.»

Despite the complexity of global food supply, here we show that simple measures of growing season temperatures and precipitation — spatial averages based on the locations of each crop — explain ~ 30 % or more of year - to - year variations in global average yields for the world's six most widely grown crops.

Depending on the phenomenon considered, these variations can happen at different time and spatial scales.

By examining the spatial pattern of both types of climate variation, the scientists found that the anthropogenic global warming signal was relatively spatially uniform over the tropical oceans and thus would not have a large effect on the atmospheric circulation, whereas the PDO shift in the 1990s consisted of warming in the tropical west Pacific and cooling in the subtropical and east tropical Pacific, which would enhance the existing sea surface temperature difference and thus intensify the circulation.

«Climate variability refers to variations in the mean state and other statistics (such as standard deviations, the occurrence of extremes, etc.) of the climate on all temporal and spatial scales beyond that of individual weather events.

However, the large spatial variation in this relationship is logical, based on factors related to topography and atmospheric circulation.

The overall objective of the research was to produce a comprehensive study about the frequency, intensity, spatial and temporal variation and the impacts of the extreme weather and sea level events that are relevant from the point of safety of nuclear power plants, as well as clarify the influence of climate change on these.

This is probably the quickest way to get an intuitive handle on the seasonal variation of the spatial structure of air - sea coupling.

Here, we present an explanation for time - invariant land — sea warming ratio that applies if three conditions on radiative forcing are met: first, spatial variations in the climate forcing must be sufficiently small that the lower free troposphere warms evenly over land and ocean; second, the temperature response must not be large enough to change the global circulation to zeroth order; third, the temperature response must not be large enough to modify the boundary layer amplification mechanisms that contribute to making φ exceed unity.

Climate variations and change, caused by external forcings, may be partly predictable, particularly on the larger, continental and global, spatial scales.

Indeed, the way in which climatic forcing is expressed in natural systems is not universal, with both spatial (local, regional and latitudinal) and temporal (periodic pulses and seasonal cycles) variations in pH and temperature that are sufficient to affect the direction (positive through to negative) and severity of effect depending on timing and context [110].

However, regional variations are expected because of greater climate «noise» (unforced variability) on small scales, possible regional climate forcings, and known mechanisms that affect the large scale spatial variation of global warming.

Find blogs on how ecological processes and patterns are affected by individual variation and spatial structure, and how these in turn affect the evolution of species embedded in large, complex networks of interacting species in a changing world.