Sentences with phrase «spatial variations of»

When the bottom - up approach is used to extrapolate the emissions to larger scales, uncertainty results from the inherent large temporal and spatial variations of fluxes and the limited range of observational conditions.

Differences in growth rates have been attributed to differences in spatial variations of the initial aerosol sizes, in solubilities, and in magnitudes of supersaturation.

When that is done with a reasonable number of components, strong spatial variations of temperatures are certainly predicted for the ocean areas.

The advantage of error reduction that comes from multiple sampling begins to degrade when the «single» quantity being measured produces a set of random errors that has a Gaussian distribution about the mean that is significantly broadened by regional or spatial variations of the mean over the sample space.

Using new remote sensing methods to generate an updated glacier inventory for the Karakoram region of Asia — which is part of the Hindu Kush - Karakoram - Himalaya mountain range located between the borders of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and China — Rankl et al. (2014) developed what they describe as «a new comprehensive dataset on the state of advancing, stable and retreating glaciers, including the temporal and spatial variations of frontal positions between 1976 and 2012.»

Sciencecodex: A recent study indicated that the urbanization in eastern China has significant impact on the observed surface warming and the temporal - spatial variations of urbanization effect have been comprehensively detected.

We derive the spatial variations of dust continuum emission at different wavenumbers, which are compared with those of the [O III] 88 micron (113 cm ^ -1) emission and the OH 119 micron (84 cm ^ -1) absorption.

Based on the spatially - resolved $ Spitzer $ / IRS maps, we examine spatial variations of the PAH properties in detail.

The divergence between fungal and bacterial communities in seasonal and spatial variations of wastewater treatment plants — Ziyan Wei — Science of The Total Environment

The team has designed these nanomotors to move using the spatial variations of the concentrations of chemical species that they produce themselves by means of chemical reactions on their surfaces.

Strong spatial variation of rupture characteristics in the moment magnitude (Mw) 9.0 Tohoku - Oki megathrust earthquake controlled both the strength of shaking and the size of the tsunami that followed.

The study found that IRT demonstrated potential in evaluating office ergonomics and that spatial variation of upper back skin temperature was a promising measure in ergonomic assessments.

Ultimately, MICHI on the TMT will be able to measure the spatial variation of SO2 on Io both meridionally (with latitude) and zonally (with longitude), but critically as a function of local time and during Jupiter eclipses that are both strong functions of frost sublimation, and will allow us to determination of how much of Io's atmosphere is supported purely by sublimation and how much by volcanic activity.

Satellite studies (8 — 10) have found that for clear skies and SSTs above 298 K, the spatial variation of Ga with SST, dGa / d (SST), exceeds the rate of increase of sea surface emission, ds (SST) 4 / d (SST) = 4σ (SST) 3.

If, on the other hand, you accept Mann (2008), end your special pleading and accept Mann (2009) as our best current indication of the spatial variation of MWP warmth.

However, regional variations are expected because of greater climate «noise» (unforced variability) on small scales, possible regional climate forcings, and known mechanisms that affect the large scale spatial variation of global warming.

Goyet, C., C. Coatanoan, G. Eischeid, T. Amaoka, K. Okuda, R. Healy, and S. Tsunogai, 1999: Spatial variation of total CO2 and total alkalinity in the northern Indian Ocean: A novel approach for the quantification of anthropogenic CO2 in seawater.

The first term is due to the spatial variation of emissivity.

Spatial variation of coda wave attenuation using aftershocks of the Al Hoceima earthquake of 24 February, 2004, Morocco

Not exact matches

Observing devices, either within the region of the dissipative structure or outside of it, may detect regular oscillations caused by variations of components of the structure, or, if their temporal or spatial resolving power is not high enough for that, they may detect only a new, averaged reading, corresponding to a novel state of affairs brought about by the closure of the set of relationships which defines the dissipative structure.

Spatial variation in the earthquake's rupture controlled both the strength of shaking and the size of the tsunami that followed.

«Their pattern reflects spatial variations in the icy shell, consistent with a variety of geological features visible in Cassini images.»

If the ring represents a real spatial structure, then it has to be seen nearly face - on because of the small variations of GRB distances around the object's centre.

Because SR - STORM gives full spectral and spatial information for each molecule, the technology opens the door to high - resolution imaging of multiple components and local chemical environments, such as pH variations, inside a cell.

The Cell Atlas reveals that approximately half of all proteins localize to multiple compartments and that many proteins show cell - to - cell variation in terms of protein abundance or spatial distribution.

These observations of spatial variation in relation to the terrain features are likely driven in part by changes in ocean bottom current speeds produced by the hilly terrain; this causes changes in the settling and drifting of marine snow.

Emerging evidence for variability in the coral calcification response to acidification, geographical variation in bleaching susceptibility and recovery, responses to past climate change, and potential rates of adaptation to rapid warming supports an alternative scenario in which reef degradation occurs with greater temporal and spatial heterogeneity than current projections suggest.

Gustafsson and graduate student Hesper Rego had achieved higher - resolution SIM with a variation called saturated depletion non-linear SIM, but that method trades improvements in spatial resolution for harsher conditions and a loss of speed.

The automated confocal micro-extensometer (ACME)-- developed by a team of researchers in Europe and the US — allows scientists to measure spatial variation in the mechanical properties of plant cells with unprecedented accuracy.

They then monitor the spatial and temporal variations of snow depth during saltation via infrared sensors.

«What looks quite paradox at a first view, can be illustrated by looking close at the different spatial and temporal variations of the biosphere - atmosphere interactions,» explains Dr. Martin Jung, lead author of the Nature publication.

Sampling song from males at high and low elevations from two different mountains allowed us to (i) assess the presence of any differences in song structure at different elevations and (ii) consider the potential mechanism generating variation or song dialects on a small spatial scale.

They could not determine the variation over the planet because of poor signal and spatial resolution.

Large spatial variations were prevalent in the intensity of MHWs (Fig. 1d).

The records document that the Laschamp Excursion was characterized locally by (1) declination changes of ± 120 °, (2) inclination changes of more than 140 °, (3) ~ 1200 - year oscillations in both inclination and declination, (4) near 90 ° out - of - phase relationships between inclinations and declinations that produced two clockwise loops in directions and virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) followed by a counterclockwise loop, (5) excursional VGPs during both intervals of clockwise looping, (6) magnetic field intensities less than 10 % of normal that persisted for almost 2000 years, (7) marked similarity in excursional directions over ~ 5000 km spatial scale length, and (8) secular variation rates comparable to historic field behavior but persisting in sign for hundreds of years.

This method is recommended for routine normalization of cDNA arrays as it corrects the M - values for both subarray spatial variation and for intensity - based trends [51,52].

Monitoring, understanding, and predicting oceanic variations associated with natural climate variability and human - induced changes, and assessing the related roles of the ocean on multiple spatial - temporal scales.

Allan, R.P., and A. Slingo, 2002: Can current climate forcings explain the spatial and temporal signatures of decadal OLR variations?

The team hopes that monitoring Io's surface annually will reveal the style of volcanic eruptions on the moon, constrain the composition of the magma, and accurately map the spatial distribution of the heat flow and potential variations over time.

Sex - ratio variation and spatial distribution of nuclear and cytoplasmic sex - determining genes in gynodioecious Thymus praecox across altitudinal gradients.

However some technical challenges still need to be taken to make the technology more accessible and usable to its full potential: gaining selective and comprehensive genetic access to the neurons of interest, controlling variation in the expression of the optogenetic tools (when using viruses) and its precise localization (axon vs. presynaptic terminals), tailoring light - delivery system signals to individual cells in a population rather than the population as a whole, developing observation techniques which have the same spatial and temporal resolution as those tools... to cite only a few of them.

His research concerns understanding global climate and its variations using observations and covers the quasi biennial oscillation, Pacific decadal oscillation and the annular modes of the Arctic oscillation and the Antarctic oscillation, and the dominant spatial patterns in month - to - month and year - to - year climate variability, including the one through which El Niño phenomenon in the tropical Pacific influences climate over North America.

The team observed that approximately 15 percent of the proteins exhibited single - cell variation: In a tissue that looked superficially uniform, some cells might differ from their neighbors in the amount or spatial distribution of the proteins they expressed, when one would expect them to be the same.

We first demonstrate less variability of global Pearson correlations with respect to the two chosen networks using a sliding - window approach during WM task compared to rest; then we show that the macroscopic decrease in variations in correlations during a WM task is also well characterized by the combined effect of a reduced number of dominant CAPs, increased spatial consistency across CAPs, and increased fractional contributions of a few dominant CAPs.

Spatial and temporal variation of surface temperature on the Antarctic Peninsula and the limit of viability of ice shelves, in Antarctic Peninsula climate variability: historical and palaeoenvironmental perspectives, E.W. Domack, et al., Editors.

We resolved 163 discrete sources with a flux down to 10 ^ -12.5 ergs cm ^ -2 s ^ -1 and determined the intensity variations of the GRXE as a function of the Galactic longitude with a spatial resolution of ~ 1 deg.

Lauren uses poison frogs as a model for understanding how variation in predation and spatial structure of the environment has driven the evolution of chemical defences and parental behaviors.

It is essential to carry out continuous measurement of planetary atmosphere, such as the Jovian infrared aurora and the volcanoes on Jovian satellite Io, to understand its time and spatial variations.

STAFF is capable of detecting rapid variations in magnetic fields, which means that very small spatial structures can be recognised within the plasma.

His main research interests is the study of microbial diversity, specifically of protists, in the marine environment, both in terms of a description of the taxonomic composition of these assemblages as well as understanding their patterns of temporal and spatial variation in the environment.