Sentences with phrase «specialized cells called»

Primarily made up of specialized cells called hepatocytes, the liver performs hundreds of functions, including:

As organs develop, growth factors and other signaling molecules often are produced from clusters of specialized cells called signaling centers.

Many, many more specialized cells called «glia» protect and support neurons in gray matter, and provide insulation for their delicate interconnections (called axons) in the «white matter.»

Tremblaya, for example, is found in specialized cells called bacteriomes.

Although GMCSF is mostly known for its role in inflammation, Dr. Merad's laboratory discovered that GM - CSF is produced in the normal gut by specialized cells called innate lymphocyte cells (ILCs) in response to microbiota signals.

Specialized cells called decidual cells seem to be responsible, he found.

Li, Bennett and Fouad found that the AADC (Aromatic l - amino acid decarboxylase) enzyme that converts dietary amino acids into trace amines was upregulated in specialized cells called pericytes that wrap capillaries.

From here, the impulse takes a brief pause at another node of specialized cells call the atrioventricular (or AV) node located at the junction where the atrial septum, ventricular septum, mitral valve, and tricuspid valve meet.

Not exact matches

Each received either a placebo or a highly specialized chemotherapy drug called rituximab, which rapidly and selectively depletes B - cells.

Some scientists had claimed that the lymphatic system was derived from specialized stem cells called angioblasts, whereas others had argued that it originated by the differentiation of pre-existing embryonic veins.

Specialized sensory neurons in the inner ear, called hair cells, are responsible for the detection of sounds, and this information is transmitted to the auditory cortex via several intermediate structures.

But during pregnancy, the fetus is protected from the mother's immune system by the placenta, which has specialized cells — called trophoblasts — that can burrow into the mother's body without exciting an attack by the immune system.

The team that included Gary Baker, an assistant professor of chemistry in the MU College of Arts and Science and Gerardo Gutierrez - Juarez, a professor and investigator at the University of Guanajuato in Mexico, decided to supplement an emerging technique called photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy, a specialized optical technique that is used to probe tissues and cells non-invasively.

Infectious organisms trip specialized immune cells in the body and cause them to pump out proteins called cytokines, which produce inflammation and other hallmarks of infection, such as chills and fever.

Normally, the cells Nobel used for the test would divide and give rise to a specialized type of cell in the central nervous system called an oligodendrocyte.

Our brains normally contain specialized cells, called microglia, that defend against injury or infection.

These specialized cells have organelles called nematocysts that contain venom.

The retina contains small, specialized neurons called bipolar cells that transmit information from light - sensitive photoreceptor cells to ganglion neurons, which send information to the brain for interpretation as images.

But it seemed unlikely, because the body coverings were thought to grow differently: Feathers and hair develop from specialized plates of thickened ectoderm — an embryonic cell layer — called anatomical placodes, structures not seen in reptiles.

This genetic recombination takes place during a specialized form of cell division called meiosis.

Damage to the liver activates a group of specialized wound - healers called hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which churn out scaffoldlike collagen fibers that support the growth of new liver cells.

Hematopoietic stem cells — bone marrow - derived adult stem cells that give rise to the wide variety of specialized blood cells — come in two flavors: the reserve force sits quietly waiting to be called upon while the active arm continually proliferates spawning billions of blood cells every day.

The biochemical on - off switch for asthma lurks within what are called T - helper cells, specialized white blood cells that marshal other kinds of T cells to combat invaders.

Neurons are specialized cells of the nervous system that communicate using electrical signals, which propagate down long, wire - like projections called axons.

One such example, Thomas said, are modifications of specialized proteins called histones, which are responsible for packaging DNA in the cell nucleus and influencing how genes are regulated.

The latest research from the UCSB team shows that specialized cells in the squid skin called iridocytes contain deep pleats or invaginations of the cell membrane extending deep into the body of the cell.

The current study revealed that amlexanox exerts its effects through a specialized type of fat cell by increasing the level of a second messenger molecule called cAMP.

Studying simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), the team found that specialized cells in the intestine called Paneth cells are early responders to viral invasion and are the source of gut inflammation by producing a cytokine called interleukin - 1 beta (IL - 1β).

These events are directed by specialized proteins called ion channels that allow the flow of calcium ions in and out of cells and among cell compartments.

In the present work, the teams led by Michael Ewers (ISD) and EMBO Member Christian Haass (DZNE) focussed on the TREM2 protein, which functions in specialized brain immune cells called microglia that clear toxic material resulting from nerve cell injury.

When these photoreceptors detect light, they send a signal to specialized neurons in the retina called retinal ganglion cells, or RGCs, which then transmit visual information to the brain by firing electrical pulses along the optic nerve.

This process allows specialized Pac - Man — like brain cells called microglia to engulf the targeted synapses, paving the way for more precise brain wiring.

It is kept inactive through its interaction with specialized carbohydrate - protein assemblies called proteoglycans, which are studding the cells» surface at high density.

Some of the genes control receptors called integrins, which help cells attach to and communicate with one another, allowing formation of specialized organs and complex body plans.

«The protein Smurf1 functions in specialized white blood cells called macrophages in both mice and humans, thereby suggesting a conserved evolutionary pathway,» said Dr. Shiloh, co-senior author of the study along with Dr. Beth Levine, Director of the University's Center for Autophagy Research.

Whether it's stuffing DNA inside the nucleus or cramming energy - generating machinery into the rod - shape organelles called mitochondria, biology separates tasks into specialized compartments within cells to make it easier to do specific jobs without interference.

Working with rats and mice, Xi and colleagues found that specialized retinal cells called Müller glial cells release IL - 33 in response to retinal injury.

The round white cells are specialized immune cells called neutrophils.

Cut your finger, and specialized blood cells called platelets rush in and plug the leak.

The scientists got another surprise when they followed up on this finding with mouse experiments that exposed specialized kidney cells called «podocytes», a key component of the blood filtering, to high levels of glucose.

Immunological Invisibility Cloak Among them is Joel Linden, Ph.D., who recently reported that jamming signals transmitted by membrane proteins called adenosine receptors, which are expressed on T cells and on specialized cell - killing cells called NK cells, made both cell types more effective in halting lung metastasis of melanoma cells.

They're carried in the blood and must get past the so - called blood - brain barrier, composed of specialized cells lining the walls of capillaries in the brain.

Cells are like tiny factories, where different functions are carried out by highly specialized structures called organelles.

Molecules called receptors serve as the heart of the specialized eye cells.

The process of skeleton growth in corals has been suggested to be controlled by a specialized tissue called calicoblastic epithelium, which is comprised of ectodermal cells within the aboral coral layer, opposite the oral side (Gattuso, Allemand & Frankignoulle, 1999).

They plan to fix the heart from the inside — a strategy called endogenous (self) repair — by stimulating resident heart cells to generate new cardiomyocytes, the specialized heart muscle cells that keep our hearts beating.

The ability of adult stem cells to divide and generate both new stem cells (called self - renewal) as well as specialized cell types (called differentiation) is the key to maintaining healthy tissues.

Neurons are highly specialized cells with very long projections called axons, which they use to communicate with one another.

These symptoms are the result of the loss of specialized cells in an area of the brain called the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) that specialize in producing the chemical signal - molecule dopamine and are responsible for turning off excess firing of neurons that control muscles.

By the 1980s, it was well established that nerve cells communicate through the process of chemical synaptic transmission at specialized contacts called synapses.