The required bulk variables such as surface wind speed (W10) and
specific air humidity (Qa10) at 10m height are both estimated from remotely sensed measurements.
The main improvements with respect to V2 version flux products (Bentamy et al, 2008) are related to the improvements of
the specific air humidity estimation from radiometer measurements, to the assessment of the surface winds retrieved from QuikSCAT scatterometers, and to the use of the new objective method allowing the calculation of flux analyses over the global oceans.
Not exact matches
Specific humidity content of the
air has increased, as expected as part of the conventional water vapor feedback, but in fact relative
humidity also increased between 1950 and 1990, indicating a stronger water vapor feedback than given by the conventional assumption of fixed relative
humidity.
The 2009 State of the Climate Report of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tells us that climate change is real because of rising surface
air temperatures since 1880 over land and the ocean, ocean acidification, sea level rise, glaciers melting, rising
specific humidity, ocean heat content increasing, sea ice retreating, glaciers diminishing, Northern Hemisphere snow cover decreasing, and so many other lines of evidence.
where Cp is the
specific heat of
air at constant pressure, T is the
air temperature, L is the latent heat of vaporization, and q is the
specific humidity [Haltiner and Williams, 1980].
«Height - resolved measurements of
specific humidity (q) and relative
humidity (RH) are obtained from NASA's satellite - borne Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (
AIRS)... The water - vapor feedback implied by these observations is strongly positive, with an average magnitude of λ q = 2.04 W / m2 / K, similar to that simulated by climate models.»
As the ocean warms, more H2O (and CO2) will outgas, which will raise the
specific humidity of the
air thus leading to amplification of the GHG effect, and then spreading to land areas.
We know that
specific aspects of indoor
air quality — such as the amount of CO2, VOCs, particulates and
humidity in the
air — have demonstrable impacts on student learning and human health more generally.7, 8
Daily mean NCEP / NCAR reanalysis data are used as atmospheric forcing, i.e., 10 - m surface winds, 2 - m surface
air temperature (SAT),
specific humidity, precipitation, evaporation, downwelling longwave radiation, sea level pressure, and cloud fraction.
Agreement among the relative -
humidity datasets is quite reasonable, though not as good as for surface
air temperature or
specific humidity.
Specific humidity is the total mass of water vapor in a parcel of
air divided by the mass of the moist
air.
BTW, the graph is of *
specific *
humidity (the actual moisture content of the
air), not relative
humidity.
where L = latent heat of vaporization, ρ = density of
air, qs =
specific humidity at the surface, qr =
specific humidity at a reference height, usually 10m, CDE = empirically measured aerodynamic
humidity transfer coefficient (typically around 10 ^ -3 over the ocean), Ur = wind speed at the reference height.
We know R1 + R2 = R = εσT ^ 4 We could use a «bulk equation» for L if we knew the
air temperature &
specific humidity + wind speed at reference heights.
Specific Humidity: Ratio of the mass or weight of water vapor in the
air to a unit of
air including the water vapor — grams of water vapor per kilogram of wet
air.
Water vapor is thereafter transported by the large - scale circulation, which conserves the
specific humidity (the ratio of the mass of water vapor to the total mass in a unit volume of
air), except during subsequent saturation events, when loss of water occurs instantaneously to prevent supersaturation [Ed: that would be a fancy way of saying it rains?].
In poorly sampled regions random sampling errors amount to 2.5 ° — 3 °C for
air temperature, 3 m s 1 for the wind speed, 2 — 2.5 g kg 1 for
specific humidity, and 15 % — 20 % of the total cloud cover.
If the relative
humidity is held fixed as the
air is warmed, the implied increase in
specific humidity of the
air will further increase the downward infrared flux, though it might somewhat decrease the latent flux.